Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39111592›Full record

ReviewEndocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists2024

Thyroid Function and Cognitive Decline: A Narrative Review.

Sophia Hemmrich Sinha, Kahli Zietlow, Maria Papaleontiou

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Considerations in the Diagnosis and Management of Thyroid Dysfunction in Older Adults.Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association · 2025
    Review
  9. Review
  10. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Sophia Hemmrich SinhaDivision of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Kahli ZietlowDivision of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Maria PapaleontiouDivision of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Electronic address: mpapaleo@med.umich.edu.

Funding

Optimizing Care for Older Adults through Thyroid Hormone DeprescribingR01AG079833 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI PAPALEONTIOU, MARIA · 2023 to 2024
$1.6M
NIA NIH HHS R01 AG079833
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveAs the population of older adults in the United States continues to rise, understanding modifiable risk factors that contribute to cognitive decline and dementia becomes increasingly important. This narrative review summarizes existing literature on the association between thyroid function in the euthyroid range, hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, and cognitive outcomes in older adults.

methodsA comprehensive literature search of the PubMed and Ovid/Medline databases was conducted. Randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and observational studies published in English between January 2000 and December 2023 were included.

resultsOverall, existing studies yielded conflicting results, failing to delineate a concrete relationship between thyroid function and cognitive outcomes and/or dementia in older adults. There may be a possible association between higher thyroid stimulating hormone in the reference range and lower risk of incident dementia, which may be more pronounced in women. Majority of studies elucidated a possible association between low thyroid stimulating hormone and incident dementia, with suggestion that duration of hyperthyroidism may contribute to increasing dementia risk. Even though evidence on the association of hypothyroidism and cognitive decline are disparate, current data do not support treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism to improve cognitive outcomes in older adults.

conclusionDespite numerous studies, there is no conclusive evidence that supports a direct relationship between hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism and cognitive decline. Study limitations include heterogeneity in study designs, measurement methodologies, and cognitive assessment tools. Future research is needed to better delineate whether an association exists and whether treatment of thyroid dysfunction ameliorates cognitive impairment.

Indexed as

Cognitive DysfunctionHyperthyroidismHypothyroidismThyroid GlandAgedDementiaHumansRisk FactorsThyroid Function TestsThyrotropinThyrotropincognitiondementiaolder adultsthyroid hormone

Identifiers

PMID39111592
PMCPMC11800104

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.