ArticleInjury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention2025
Burden of unintentional drowning in Indonesia: insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.
Article in Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Adapting WHO drowning prevention strategies for children in Indonesia: barriers, enablers, and policy perspectives for LMICs.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2025Review
- Preventing Child Drowning in Indonesia: A Community-Informed Health Promotion Perspective.Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education · 2025Article
- Global burden of drowning and risk factors across 204 countries from 1990 to 2021.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Child drowning in Indonesia: insights from parental and community perspectives and practices.Health promotion international · 2024Article
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5 authors.
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Abstract
introductionA high burden of unintentional fatal drowning has been reported in low- and middle-income countries. However, little is known about unintentional drowning in Indonesia.
methodsThis population-based retrospective cohort study analysed unintentional drowning data for Indonesia sourced from The Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Estimates of trends, mortality rates, incidence rates, years lived with disability (YLDs) and disability adjusted life years were generated.
resultsA decline in unintentional drowning mortality rates was observed, with an average annual mortality rate of 2.58/100 000. Males were 1.81 (95% CI 1.79 to 1.84) times more likely than females to unintentionally drown. Average annual mortality rates were highest among the under-5 age group (9.67/100 000) and 70 and over (5.71/100 000 for males; 5.14/100 000 for females). Distributions of drowning deaths vary depending on region, with mortality rates higher in Papua, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Maluku, Sumatra and Nusa Tenggara regions. DISCUSSION: While a decline in drowning mortality rates in Indonesia was identified between 2005 and 2019, mortality rates for unintentional drowning remained high among children under 5 years, the elderly population and those residing in Papua, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Maluku, Sumatra and Nusa Tenggara, warranting further focused attention.
conclusionA downward trend in the rate of unintentional drowning deaths in Indonesia is observed from 2005 onwards, with risk variation based on age, gender and region. The findings highlight the importance of addressing drowning as a cause of premature mortality and health system burden in Indonesia, including through enhancing drowning data collection systems and identifying drowning risk factors.
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