ArticleNeurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation2024
Absence of Pathogenic Mutations and Strong Association With HLA-DRB1*11:01 in Statin-Naïve Early-Onset Anti-HMGCR Necrotizing Myopathy.
Abstract read
In one paragraph
Article in Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Case Report - Anti-HMGCR-Associated Immune-Mediated Necrotizing Myopathy and Interstitial Lung Disease With Long-Term Use of Ezetimibe and Low-Dose Atorvastatin.International journal of rheumatic diseases · 2026Article
- Reducing Body Myopathy in Female Patients WithNeurology. Genetics · 2026Article
- Etiopathogenesis of Immune-Mediated Necrotizing Myopathy: A Comprehensive Review of Recent Advances.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Review
- Autoimmune Neuromuscular Disorders at a Molecular Crossroad: Linking Pathogenesis to Targeted Immunotherapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Genetic Biomarkers for Statin-Induced Myopathy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Case Report: Exercise-associated changes of leukocyte gene expression in statin-associated myopathy.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Tuberculosis-Induced Immune-Mediated Necrotizing Myopathy: A Challenging Case Scenario in a Non-Endemic Country.Reports (MDPI) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
23 authors.
Laura LlansóFrom the Department of Neurology (L.L., C.L., M.C.-Á., Á.C., A.V., L.Q., E.G., M.O.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit; Department of Genetics (A.S.-C., B.R.-S.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Neurology (C.D.-G.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Research Institute imas12, Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Université Paris-Est Créteil (E.M.), INSERM, U955 IMRB; AP-HP, Hôpital Mondor, FHU SENEC, Service d'Histologie, Créteil, France; Department of Neurology (S.K.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Basurto University Hospital, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao; Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau) (B.R.-S., R.B., C.L., L.Q., E.G., M.O.), Barcelona; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid; Genomic Instability Syndromes and DNA Repair Group and Join Research Unit on Genomic Medicine UAB (B.R.-S.), Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Immunology Department (O.C., A.M.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Genetics (A.D.), Craiova University Hospital, Romania; Neuropaediatrics Department (A.N.O.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Fundación Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERER - ISC III; Neurology Department (A.P., L.G.-M.), Neuromuscular Unit, IDIBELL-Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Pathology Department (A.H.-L.), Neuropathology Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid; Pathology Department (C.J.), Institut Pediàtric de Recerca, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, and MetabERN, Barcelona; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Department of Neurology (L.G.-M.), Hospital de Viladecans, Barcelona; and Department of Genetics (A.A.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute imas12, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-4950-7657
Alba Segarra-CasasFrom the Department of Neurology (L.L., C.L., M.C.-Á., Á.C., A.V., L.Q., E.G., M.O.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit; Department of Genetics (A.S.-C., B.R.-S.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Neurology (C.D.-G.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Research Institute imas12, Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Université Paris-Est Créteil (E.M.), INSERM, U955 IMRB; AP-HP, Hôpital Mondor, FHU SENEC, Service d'Histologie, Créteil, France; Department of Neurology (S.K.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Basurto University Hospital, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao; Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau) (B.R.-S., R.B., C.L., L.Q., E.G., M.O.), Barcelona; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid; Genomic Instability Syndromes and DNA Repair Group and Join Research Unit on Genomic Medicine UAB (B.R.-S.), Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Immunology Department (O.C., A.M.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Genetics (A.D.), Craiova University Hospital, Romania; Neuropaediatrics Department (A.N.O.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Fundación Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERER - ISC III; Neurology Department (A.P., L.G.-M.), Neuromuscular Unit, IDIBELL-Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Pathology Department (A.H.-L.), Neuropathology Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid; Pathology Department (C.J.), Institut Pediàtric de Recerca, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, and MetabERN, Barcelona; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Department of Neurology (L.G.-M.), Hospital de Viladecans, Barcelona; and Department of Genetics (A.A.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute imas12, Madrid, Spain.
Cristina Domínguez-GonzálezFrom the Department of Neurology (L.L., C.L., M.C.-Á., Á.C., A.V., L.Q., E.G., M.O.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit; Department of Genetics (A.S.-C., B.R.-S.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Neurology (C.D.-G.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Research Institute imas12, Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Université Paris-Est Créteil (E.M.), INSERM, U955 IMRB; AP-HP, Hôpital Mondor, FHU SENEC, Service d'Histologie, Créteil, France; Department of Neurology (S.K.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Basurto University Hospital, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao; Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau) (B.R.-S., R.B., C.L., L.Q., E.G., M.O.), Barcelona; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid; Genomic Instability Syndromes and DNA Repair Group and Join Research Unit on Genomic Medicine UAB (B.R.-S.), Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Immunology Department (O.C., A.M.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Genetics (A.D.), Craiova University Hospital, Romania; Neuropaediatrics Department (A.N.O.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Fundación Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERER - ISC III; Neurology Department (A.P., L.G.-M.), Neuromuscular Unit, IDIBELL-Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Pathology Department (A.H.-L.), Neuropathology Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid; Pathology Department (C.J.), Institut Pediàtric de Recerca, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, and MetabERN, Barcelona; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Department of Neurology (L.G.-M.), Hospital de Viladecans, Barcelona; and Department of Genetics (A.A.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute imas12, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-5151-988X
Edoardo MalfattiFrom the Department of Neurology (L.L., C.L., M.C.-Á., Á.C., A.V., L.Q., E.G., M.O.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit; Department of Genetics (A.S.-C., B.R.-S.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Neurology (C.D.-G.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Research Institute imas12, Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Université Paris-Est Créteil (E.M.), INSERM, U955 IMRB; AP-HP, Hôpital Mondor, FHU SENEC, Service d'Histologie, Créteil, France; Department of Neurology (S.K.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Basurto University Hospital, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao; Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau) (B.R.-S., R.B., C.L., L.Q., E.G., M.O.), Barcelona; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid; Genomic Instability Syndromes and DNA Repair Group and Join Research Unit on Genomic Medicine UAB (B.R.-S.), Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Immunology Department (O.C., A.M.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Genetics (A.D.), Craiova University Hospital, Romania; Neuropaediatrics Department (A.N.O.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Fundación Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERER - ISC III; Neurology Department (A.P., L.G.-M.), Neuromuscular Unit, IDIBELL-Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Pathology Department (A.H.-L.), Neuropathology Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid; Pathology Department (C.J.), Institut Pediàtric de Recerca, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, and MetabERN, Barcelona; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Department of Neurology (L.G.-M.), Hospital de Viladecans, Barcelona; and Department of Genetics (A.A.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute imas12, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-7871-8600
Solange KapetanovicFrom the Department of Neurology (L.L., C.L., M.C.-Á., Á.C., A.V., L.Q., E.G., M.O.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit; Department of Genetics (A.S.-C., B.R.-S.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Neurology (C.D.-G.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Research Institute imas12, Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Université Paris-Est Créteil (E.M.), INSERM, U955 IMRB; AP-HP, Hôpital Mondor, FHU SENEC, Service d'Histologie, Créteil, France; Department of Neurology (S.K.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Basurto University Hospital, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao; Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau) (B.R.-S., R.B., C.L., L.Q., E.G., M.O.), Barcelona; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid; Genomic Instability Syndromes and DNA Repair Group and Join Research Unit on Genomic Medicine UAB (B.R.-S.), Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Immunology Department (O.C., A.M.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Genetics (A.D.), Craiova University Hospital, Romania; Neuropaediatrics Department (A.N.O.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Fundación Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERER - ISC III; Neurology Department (A.P., L.G.-M.), Neuromuscular Unit, IDIBELL-Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Pathology Department (A.H.-L.), Neuropathology Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid; Pathology Department (C.J.), Institut Pediàtric de Recerca, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, and MetabERN, Barcelona; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Department of Neurology (L.G.-M.), Hospital de Viladecans, Barcelona; and Department of Genetics (A.A.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute imas12, Madrid, Spain.
Benjamín Rodríguez-SantiagoFrom the Department of Neurology (L.L., C.L., M.C.-Á., Á.C., A.V., L.Q., E.G., M.O.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit; Department of Genetics (A.S.-C., B.R.-S.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Neurology (C.D.-G.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Research Institute imas12, Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Université Paris-Est Créteil (E.M.), INSERM, U955 IMRB; AP-HP, Hôpital Mondor, FHU SENEC, Service d'Histologie, Créteil, France; Department of Neurology (S.K.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Basurto University Hospital, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao; Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau) (B.R.-S., R.B., C.L., L.Q., E.G., M.O.), Barcelona; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid; Genomic Instability Syndromes and DNA Repair Group and Join Research Unit on Genomic Medicine UAB (B.R.-S.), Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Immunology Department (O.C., A.M.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Genetics (A.D.), Craiova University Hospital, Romania; Neuropaediatrics Department (A.N.O.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Fundación Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERER - ISC III; Neurology Department (A.P., L.G.-M.), Neuromuscular Unit, IDIBELL-Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Pathology Department (A.H.-L.), Neuropathology Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid; Pathology Department (C.J.), Institut Pediàtric de Recerca, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, and MetabERN, Barcelona; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Department of Neurology (L.G.-M.), Hospital de Viladecans, Barcelona; and Department of Genetics (A.A.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute imas12, Madrid, Spain.
Oscar de la CalleFrom the Department of Neurology (L.L., C.L., M.C.-Á., Á.C., A.V., L.Q., E.G., M.O.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit; Department of Genetics (A.S.-C., B.R.-S.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Neurology (C.D.-G.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Research Institute imas12, Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Université Paris-Est Créteil (E.M.), INSERM, U955 IMRB; AP-HP, Hôpital Mondor, FHU SENEC, Service d'Histologie, Créteil, France; Department of Neurology (S.K.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Basurto University Hospital, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao; Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau) (B.R.-S., R.B., C.L., L.Q., E.G., M.O.), Barcelona; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid; Genomic Instability Syndromes and DNA Repair Group and Join Research Unit on Genomic Medicine UAB (B.R.-S.), Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Immunology Department (O.C., A.M.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Genetics (A.D.), Craiova University Hospital, Romania; Neuropaediatrics Department (A.N.O.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Fundación Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERER - ISC III; Neurology Department (A.P., L.G.-M.), Neuromuscular Unit, IDIBELL-Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Pathology Department (A.H.-L.), Neuropathology Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid; Pathology Department (C.J.), Institut Pediàtric de Recerca, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, and MetabERN, Barcelona; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Department of Neurology (L.G.-M.), Hospital de Viladecans, Barcelona; and Department of Genetics (A.A.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute imas12, Madrid, Spain.
Rosa BlancoFrom the Department of Neurology (L.L., C.L., M.C.-Á., Á.C., A.V., L.Q., E.G., M.O.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit; Department of Genetics (A.S.-C., B.R.-S.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Neurology (C.D.-G.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Research Institute imas12, Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Université Paris-Est Créteil (E.M.), INSERM, U955 IMRB; AP-HP, Hôpital Mondor, FHU SENEC, Service d'Histologie, Créteil, France; Department of Neurology (S.K.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Basurto University Hospital, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao; Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau) (B.R.-S., R.B., C.L., L.Q., E.G., M.O.), Barcelona; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid; Genomic Instability Syndromes and DNA Repair Group and Join Research Unit on Genomic Medicine UAB (B.R.-S.), Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Immunology Department (O.C., A.M.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Genetics (A.D.), Craiova University Hospital, Romania; Neuropaediatrics Department (A.N.O.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Fundación Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERER - ISC III; Neurology Department (A.P., L.G.-M.), Neuromuscular Unit, IDIBELL-Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Pathology Department (A.H.-L.), Neuropathology Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid; Pathology Department (C.J.), Institut Pediàtric de Recerca, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, and MetabERN, Barcelona; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Department of Neurology (L.G.-M.), Hospital de Viladecans, Barcelona; and Department of Genetics (A.A.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute imas12, Madrid, Spain.
Amelia DobrescuFrom the Department of Neurology (L.L., C.L., M.C.-Á., Á.C., A.V., L.Q., E.G., M.O.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit; Department of Genetics (A.S.-C., B.R.-S.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Neurology (C.D.-G.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Research Institute imas12, Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Université Paris-Est Créteil (E.M.), INSERM, U955 IMRB; AP-HP, Hôpital Mondor, FHU SENEC, Service d'Histologie, Créteil, France; Department of Neurology (S.K.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Basurto University Hospital, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao; Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau) (B.R.-S., R.B., C.L., L.Q., E.G., M.O.), Barcelona; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid; Genomic Instability Syndromes and DNA Repair Group and Join Research Unit on Genomic Medicine UAB (B.R.-S.), Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Immunology Department (O.C., A.M.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Genetics (A.D.), Craiova University Hospital, Romania; Neuropaediatrics Department (A.N.O.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Fundación Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERER - ISC III; Neurology Department (A.P., L.G.-M.), Neuromuscular Unit, IDIBELL-Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Pathology Department (A.H.-L.), Neuropathology Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid; Pathology Department (C.J.), Institut Pediàtric de Recerca, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, and MetabERN, Barcelona; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Department of Neurology (L.G.-M.), Hospital de Viladecans, Barcelona; and Department of Genetics (A.A.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute imas12, Madrid, Spain.
Andrés Nascimento-OsorioFrom the Department of Neurology (L.L., C.L., M.C.-Á., Á.C., A.V., L.Q., E.G., M.O.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit; Department of Genetics (A.S.-C., B.R.-S.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Neurology (C.D.-G.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Research Institute imas12, Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Université Paris-Est Créteil (E.M.), INSERM, U955 IMRB; AP-HP, Hôpital Mondor, FHU SENEC, Service d'Histologie, Créteil, France; Department of Neurology (S.K.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Basurto University Hospital, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao; Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau) (B.R.-S., R.B., C.L., L.Q., E.G., M.O.), Barcelona; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid; Genomic Instability Syndromes and DNA Repair Group and Join Research Unit on Genomic Medicine UAB (B.R.-S.), Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Immunology Department (O.C., A.M.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Genetics (A.D.), Craiova University Hospital, Romania; Neuropaediatrics Department (A.N.O.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Fundación Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERER - ISC III; Neurology Department (A.P., L.G.-M.), Neuromuscular Unit, IDIBELL-Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Pathology Department (A.H.-L.), Neuropathology Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid; Pathology Department (C.J.), Institut Pediàtric de Recerca, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, and MetabERN, Barcelona; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Department of Neurology (L.G.-M.), Hospital de Viladecans, Barcelona; and Department of Genetics (A.A.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute imas12, Madrid, Spain.
Andrés PaipaFrom the Department of Neurology (L.L., C.L., M.C.-Á., Á.C., A.V., L.Q., E.G., M.O.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit; Department of Genetics (A.S.-C., B.R.-S.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Neurology (C.D.-G.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Research Institute imas12, Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Université Paris-Est Créteil (E.M.), INSERM, U955 IMRB; AP-HP, Hôpital Mondor, FHU SENEC, Service d'Histologie, Créteil, France; Department of Neurology (S.K.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Basurto University Hospital, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao; Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau) (B.R.-S., R.B., C.L., L.Q., E.G., M.O.), Barcelona; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid; Genomic Instability Syndromes and DNA Repair Group and Join Research Unit on Genomic Medicine UAB (B.R.-S.), Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Immunology Department (O.C., A.M.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Genetics (A.D.), Craiova University Hospital, Romania; Neuropaediatrics Department (A.N.O.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Fundación Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERER - ISC III; Neurology Department (A.P., L.G.-M.), Neuromuscular Unit, IDIBELL-Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Pathology Department (A.H.-L.), Neuropathology Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid; Pathology Department (C.J.), Institut Pediàtric de Recerca, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, and MetabERN, Barcelona; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Department of Neurology (L.G.-M.), Hospital de Viladecans, Barcelona; and Department of Genetics (A.A.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute imas12, Madrid, Spain.
Aurelio Hernandez-LainFrom the Department of Neurology (L.L., C.L., M.C.-Á., Á.C., A.V., L.Q., E.G., M.O.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit; Department of Genetics (A.S.-C., B.R.-S.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Neurology (C.D.-G.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Research Institute imas12, Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Université Paris-Est Créteil (E.M.), INSERM, U955 IMRB; AP-HP, Hôpital Mondor, FHU SENEC, Service d'Histologie, Créteil, France; Department of Neurology (S.K.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Basurto University Hospital, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao; Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau) (B.R.-S., R.B., C.L., L.Q., E.G., M.O.), Barcelona; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid; Genomic Instability Syndromes and DNA Repair Group and Join Research Unit on Genomic Medicine UAB (B.R.-S.), Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Immunology Department (O.C., A.M.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Genetics (A.D.), Craiova University Hospital, Romania; Neuropaediatrics Department (A.N.O.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Fundación Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERER - ISC III; Neurology Department (A.P., L.G.-M.), Neuromuscular Unit, IDIBELL-Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Pathology Department (A.H.-L.), Neuropathology Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid; Pathology Department (C.J.), Institut Pediàtric de Recerca, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, and MetabERN, Barcelona; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Department of Neurology (L.G.-M.), Hospital de Viladecans, Barcelona; and Department of Genetics (A.A.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute imas12, Madrid, Spain.
Cristina JouFrom the Department of Neurology (L.L., C.L., M.C.-Á., Á.C., A.V., L.Q., E.G., M.O.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit; Department of Genetics (A.S.-C., B.R.-S.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Neurology (C.D.-G.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Research Institute imas12, Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Université Paris-Est Créteil (E.M.), INSERM, U955 IMRB; AP-HP, Hôpital Mondor, FHU SENEC, Service d'Histologie, Créteil, France; Department of Neurology (S.K.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Basurto University Hospital, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao; Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau) (B.R.-S., R.B., C.L., L.Q., E.G., M.O.), Barcelona; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid; Genomic Instability Syndromes and DNA Repair Group and Join Research Unit on Genomic Medicine UAB (B.R.-S.), Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Immunology Department (O.C., A.M.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Genetics (A.D.), Craiova University Hospital, Romania; Neuropaediatrics Department (A.N.O.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Fundación Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERER - ISC III; Neurology Department (A.P., L.G.-M.), Neuromuscular Unit, IDIBELL-Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Pathology Department (A.H.-L.), Neuropathology Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid; Pathology Department (C.J.), Institut Pediàtric de Recerca, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, and MetabERN, Barcelona; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Department of Neurology (L.G.-M.), Hospital de Viladecans, Barcelona; and Department of Genetics (A.A.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute imas12, Madrid, Spain.
Anaís MariscalFrom the Department of Neurology (L.L., C.L., M.C.-Á., Á.C., A.V., L.Q., E.G., M.O.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit; Department of Genetics (A.S.-C., B.R.-S.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Neurology (C.D.-G.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Research Institute imas12, Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Université Paris-Est Créteil (E.M.), INSERM, U955 IMRB; AP-HP, Hôpital Mondor, FHU SENEC, Service d'Histologie, Créteil, France; Department of Neurology (S.K.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Basurto University Hospital, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao; Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau) (B.R.-S., R.B., C.L., L.Q., E.G., M.O.), Barcelona; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid; Genomic Instability Syndromes and DNA Repair Group and Join Research Unit on Genomic Medicine UAB (B.R.-S.), Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Immunology Department (O.C., A.M.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Genetics (A.D.), Craiova University Hospital, Romania; Neuropaediatrics Department (A.N.O.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Fundación Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERER - ISC III; Neurology Department (A.P., L.G.-M.), Neuromuscular Unit, IDIBELL-Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Pathology Department (A.H.-L.), Neuropathology Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid; Pathology Department (C.J.), Institut Pediàtric de Recerca, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, and MetabERN, Barcelona; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Department of Neurology (L.G.-M.), Hospital de Viladecans, Barcelona; and Department of Genetics (A.A.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute imas12, Madrid, Spain.
Laura González-MeraFrom the Department of Neurology (L.L., C.L., M.C.-Á., Á.C., A.V., L.Q., E.G., M.O.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit; Department of Genetics (A.S.-C., B.R.-S.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Neurology (C.D.-G.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Research Institute imas12, Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Université Paris-Est Créteil (E.M.), INSERM, U955 IMRB; AP-HP, Hôpital Mondor, FHU SENEC, Service d'Histologie, Créteil, France; Department of Neurology (S.K.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Basurto University Hospital, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao; Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau) (B.R.-S., R.B., C.L., L.Q., E.G., M.O.), Barcelona; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid; Genomic Instability Syndromes and DNA Repair Group and Join Research Unit on Genomic Medicine UAB (B.R.-S.), Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Immunology Department (O.C., A.M.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Genetics (A.D.), Craiova University Hospital, Romania; Neuropaediatrics Department (A.N.O.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Fundación Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERER - ISC III; Neurology Department (A.P., L.G.-M.), Neuromuscular Unit, IDIBELL-Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Pathology Department (A.H.-L.), Neuropathology Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid; Pathology Department (C.J.), Institut Pediàtric de Recerca, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, and MetabERN, Barcelona; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Department of Neurology (L.G.-M.), Hospital de Viladecans, Barcelona; and Department of Genetics (A.A.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute imas12, Madrid, Spain.
Ana ArtecheFrom the Department of Neurology (L.L., C.L., M.C.-Á., Á.C., A.V., L.Q., E.G., M.O.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit; Department of Genetics (A.S.-C., B.R.-S.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Neurology (C.D.-G.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Research Institute imas12, Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Université Paris-Est Créteil (E.M.), INSERM, U955 IMRB; AP-HP, Hôpital Mondor, FHU SENEC, Service d'Histologie, Créteil, France; Department of Neurology (S.K.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Basurto University Hospital, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao; Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau) (B.R.-S., R.B., C.L., L.Q., E.G., M.O.), Barcelona; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid; Genomic Instability Syndromes and DNA Repair Group and Join Research Unit on Genomic Medicine UAB (B.R.-S.), Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Immunology Department (O.C., A.M.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Genetics (A.D.), Craiova University Hospital, Romania; Neuropaediatrics Department (A.N.O.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Fundación Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERER - ISC III; Neurology Department (A.P., L.G.-M.), Neuromuscular Unit, IDIBELL-Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Pathology Department (A.H.-L.), Neuropathology Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid; Pathology Department (C.J.), Institut Pediàtric de Recerca, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, and MetabERN, Barcelona; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Department of Neurology (L.G.-M.), Hospital de Viladecans, Barcelona; and Department of Genetics (A.A.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute imas12, Madrid, Spain.
Cinta LleixàFrom the Department of Neurology (L.L., C.L., M.C.-Á., Á.C., A.V., L.Q., E.G., M.O.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit; Department of Genetics (A.S.-C., B.R.-S.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Neurology (C.D.-G.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Research Institute imas12, Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Université Paris-Est Créteil (E.M.), INSERM, U955 IMRB; AP-HP, Hôpital Mondor, FHU SENEC, Service d'Histologie, Créteil, France; Department of Neurology (S.K.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Basurto University Hospital, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao; Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau) (B.R.-S., R.B., C.L., L.Q., E.G., M.O.), Barcelona; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid; Genomic Instability Syndromes and DNA Repair Group and Join Research Unit on Genomic Medicine UAB (B.R.-S.), Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Immunology Department (O.C., A.M.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Genetics (A.D.), Craiova University Hospital, Romania; Neuropaediatrics Department (A.N.O.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Fundación Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERER - ISC III; Neurology Department (A.P., L.G.-M.), Neuromuscular Unit, IDIBELL-Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Pathology Department (A.H.-L.), Neuropathology Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid; Pathology Department (C.J.), Institut Pediàtric de Recerca, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, and MetabERN, Barcelona; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Department of Neurology (L.G.-M.), Hospital de Viladecans, Barcelona; and Department of Genetics (A.A.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute imas12, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-9971-0584
Marta Caballero-ÁvilaFrom the Department of Neurology (L.L., C.L., M.C.-Á., Á.C., A.V., L.Q., E.G., M.O.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit; Department of Genetics (A.S.-C., B.R.-S.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Neurology (C.D.-G.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Research Institute imas12, Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Université Paris-Est Créteil (E.M.), INSERM, U955 IMRB; AP-HP, Hôpital Mondor, FHU SENEC, Service d'Histologie, Créteil, France; Department of Neurology (S.K.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Basurto University Hospital, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao; Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau) (B.R.-S., R.B., C.L., L.Q., E.G., M.O.), Barcelona; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid; Genomic Instability Syndromes and DNA Repair Group and Join Research Unit on Genomic Medicine UAB (B.R.-S.), Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Immunology Department (O.C., A.M.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Genetics (A.D.), Craiova University Hospital, Romania; Neuropaediatrics Department (A.N.O.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Fundación Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERER - ISC III; Neurology Department (A.P., L.G.-M.), Neuromuscular Unit, IDIBELL-Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Pathology Department (A.H.-L.), Neuropathology Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid; Pathology Department (C.J.), Institut Pediàtric de Recerca, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, and MetabERN, Barcelona; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Department of Neurology (L.G.-M.), Hospital de Viladecans, Barcelona; and Department of Genetics (A.A.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute imas12, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-9850-8504
Álvaro CarbayoFrom the Department of Neurology (L.L., C.L., M.C.-Á., Á.C., A.V., L.Q., E.G., M.O.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit; Department of Genetics (A.S.-C., B.R.-S.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Neurology (C.D.-G.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Research Institute imas12, Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Université Paris-Est Créteil (E.M.), INSERM, U955 IMRB; AP-HP, Hôpital Mondor, FHU SENEC, Service d'Histologie, Créteil, France; Department of Neurology (S.K.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Basurto University Hospital, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao; Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau) (B.R.-S., R.B., C.L., L.Q., E.G., M.O.), Barcelona; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid; Genomic Instability Syndromes and DNA Repair Group and Join Research Unit on Genomic Medicine UAB (B.R.-S.), Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Immunology Department (O.C., A.M.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Genetics (A.D.), Craiova University Hospital, Romania; Neuropaediatrics Department (A.N.O.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Fundación Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERER - ISC III; Neurology Department (A.P., L.G.-M.), Neuromuscular Unit, IDIBELL-Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Pathology Department (A.H.-L.), Neuropathology Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid; Pathology Department (C.J.), Institut Pediàtric de Recerca, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, and MetabERN, Barcelona; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Department of Neurology (L.G.-M.), Hospital de Viladecans, Barcelona; and Department of Genetics (A.A.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute imas12, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-9282-8603
Ana VesperinasFrom the Department of Neurology (L.L., C.L., M.C.-Á., Á.C., A.V., L.Q., E.G., M.O.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit; Department of Genetics (A.S.-C., B.R.-S.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Neurology (C.D.-G.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Research Institute imas12, Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Université Paris-Est Créteil (E.M.), INSERM, U955 IMRB; AP-HP, Hôpital Mondor, FHU SENEC, Service d'Histologie, Créteil, France; Department of Neurology (S.K.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Basurto University Hospital, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao; Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau) (B.R.-S., R.B., C.L., L.Q., E.G., M.O.), Barcelona; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid; Genomic Instability Syndromes and DNA Repair Group and Join Research Unit on Genomic Medicine UAB (B.R.-S.), Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Immunology Department (O.C., A.M.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Genetics (A.D.), Craiova University Hospital, Romania; Neuropaediatrics Department (A.N.O.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Fundación Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERER - ISC III; Neurology Department (A.P., L.G.-M.), Neuromuscular Unit, IDIBELL-Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Pathology Department (A.H.-L.), Neuropathology Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid; Pathology Department (C.J.), Institut Pediàtric de Recerca, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, and MetabERN, Barcelona; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Department of Neurology (L.G.-M.), Hospital de Viladecans, Barcelona; and Department of Genetics (A.A.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute imas12, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-1919-9382
Luis QuerolFrom the Department of Neurology (L.L., C.L., M.C.-Á., Á.C., A.V., L.Q., E.G., M.O.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit; Department of Genetics (A.S.-C., B.R.-S.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Neurology (C.D.-G.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Research Institute imas12, Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Université Paris-Est Créteil (E.M.), INSERM, U955 IMRB; AP-HP, Hôpital Mondor, FHU SENEC, Service d'Histologie, Créteil, France; Department of Neurology (S.K.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Basurto University Hospital, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao; Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau) (B.R.-S., R.B., C.L., L.Q., E.G., M.O.), Barcelona; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid; Genomic Instability Syndromes and DNA Repair Group and Join Research Unit on Genomic Medicine UAB (B.R.-S.), Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Immunology Department (O.C., A.M.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Genetics (A.D.), Craiova University Hospital, Romania; Neuropaediatrics Department (A.N.O.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Fundación Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERER - ISC III; Neurology Department (A.P., L.G.-M.), Neuromuscular Unit, IDIBELL-Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Pathology Department (A.H.-L.), Neuropathology Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid; Pathology Department (C.J.), Institut Pediàtric de Recerca, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, and MetabERN, Barcelona; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Department of Neurology (L.G.-M.), Hospital de Viladecans, Barcelona; and Department of Genetics (A.A.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute imas12, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-4289-8264
Eduard GallardoFrom the Department of Neurology (L.L., C.L., M.C.-Á., Á.C., A.V., L.Q., E.G., M.O.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit; Department of Genetics (A.S.-C., B.R.-S.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Neurology (C.D.-G.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Research Institute imas12, Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Université Paris-Est Créteil (E.M.), INSERM, U955 IMRB; AP-HP, Hôpital Mondor, FHU SENEC, Service d'Histologie, Créteil, France; Department of Neurology (S.K.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Basurto University Hospital, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao; Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau) (B.R.-S., R.B., C.L., L.Q., E.G., M.O.), Barcelona; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid; Genomic Instability Syndromes and DNA Repair Group and Join Research Unit on Genomic Medicine UAB (B.R.-S.), Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Immunology Department (O.C., A.M.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Genetics (A.D.), Craiova University Hospital, Romania; Neuropaediatrics Department (A.N.O.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Fundación Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERER - ISC III; Neurology Department (A.P., L.G.-M.), Neuromuscular Unit, IDIBELL-Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Pathology Department (A.H.-L.), Neuropathology Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid; Pathology Department (C.J.), Institut Pediàtric de Recerca, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, and MetabERN, Barcelona; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Department of Neurology (L.G.-M.), Hospital de Viladecans, Barcelona; and Department of Genetics (A.A.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute imas12, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-3942-3436
Montse OlivéFrom the Department of Neurology (L.L., C.L., M.C.-Á., Á.C., A.V., L.Q., E.G., M.O.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit; Department of Genetics (A.S.-C., B.R.-S.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Neurology (C.D.-G.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Research Institute imas12, Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Université Paris-Est Créteil (E.M.), INSERM, U955 IMRB; AP-HP, Hôpital Mondor, FHU SENEC, Service d'Histologie, Créteil, France; Department of Neurology (S.K.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Basurto University Hospital, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao; Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau) (B.R.-S., R.B., C.L., L.Q., E.G., M.O.), Barcelona; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid; Genomic Instability Syndromes and DNA Repair Group and Join Research Unit on Genomic Medicine UAB (B.R.-S.), Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Immunology Department (O.C., A.M.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Genetics (A.D.), Craiova University Hospital, Romania; Neuropaediatrics Department (A.N.O.), Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Fundación Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERER - ISC III; Neurology Department (A.P., L.G.-M.), Neuromuscular Unit, IDIBELL-Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Pathology Department (A.H.-L.), Neuropathology Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid; Pathology Department (C.J.), Institut Pediàtric de Recerca, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, and MetabERN, Barcelona; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Department of Neurology (L.G.-M.), Hospital de Viladecans, Barcelona; and Department of Genetics (A.A.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute imas12, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-5727-0165
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesImmune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM) caused by antibodies against 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) is an inflammatory myopathy that has been epidemiologically correlated with previous statin exposure. We characterized in detail a series of 11 young statin-naïve patients experiencing a chronic disease course mimicking a limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. With the hypothesis that HMGCR upregulation may increase immunogenicity and trigger the production of autoantibodies, our aim was to expand pathophysiologic knowledge of this distinct phenotype.
methodsClinical and epidemiologic data, autoantibody titers, creatine kinase (CK) levels, response to treatment, muscle imaging, and muscle biopsies were assessed. HMGCR expression in patients' muscle was assessed by incubating sections of affected patients with purified anti-HMGCR+ serum. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) with a special focus on cholesterol biosynthesis-related genes and high-resolution human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing were performed.
resultsPatients, aged 3-25 years and mostly female (90.9%), presented with subacute proximal weakness progressing over many years and high CK levels (>1,000 U/L). Diagnostic delay ranged from 3 to 27 years. WES did not reveal any pathogenic variants. HLA-DRB1*11:01 carrier frequency was 60%, a significantly higher proportion than in the control population. No upregulation or mislocalization of the enzyme in statin-exposed or statin-naïve anti-HMGCR+ patients was observed, compared with controls. DISCUSSION: WES of a cohort of patients with dystrophy-like anti-HMGCR IMNM did not reveal any common rare variants of any gene, including cholesterol biosynthesis-related genes. HLA analysis showed a strong association with HLA-DRB1*11:01, previously mostly described in statin-exposed adult patients; consequently, a common immunogenic predisposition should be suspected, irrespective of statin exposure. Moreover, we were unable to conclusively demonstrate muscle upregulation/mislocalization of HMGCR in IMNM, whether or not driven by statins.
Indexed as
HLA-DRB1 ChainsHydroxymethylglutaryl CoA ReductasesAdolescentAdultAutoantibodiesChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsMaleMutationMyositisNecrosisYoung AdultAutoantibodiesHLA-DRB1 ChainsHMGCR protein, humanHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsHydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
None linked
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.