ArticlePloS one2024
Etomidate as an anesthetic in Colossoma macropomum: Behavioral and electrophysiological data complement each other as a tool to assess anesthetic safety.
Article in PloS one, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association of Nepeta cataria L. essential oil and eugenol: synergism and safe anesthesia in tambaqui Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1818).Veterinary research communications · 2026Article
- Menthol-induced sedation and hemodynamic safety limits in Nile tilapia: defining a therapeutic window.Fish physiology and biochemistry · 2026Article
- Evaluation of different concentrations of eugenol (Syzigium aromaticum) on electrocardiography of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, L. 1758).Veterinary research communications · 2026Article
- Anaesthetics in aquaculture: comprehensive insights into agents, mechanisms, and applications.Fish physiology and biochemistry · 2026Review
- Analysis of the cardiotoxic and myorelaxant effects of camphor on fish of the Nile tilapia species (Oreochromis niloticus) (Linnaeus 1758).Scientific reports · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
The use of anesthetic agents in the management of fish in fish farming or ornamental fish breeding aims to minimize stress and promote animal welfare. Therefore, this study aims to investigate behavioral, electrocardiographic, and ventilatory characteristics of tambaquis exposed to anesthetic baths with etomidate. The study was conducted with juvenile tambaquis (27.38 ± 3.5g) n = 99, at etomidate concentrations of 2-4 mg.L -1, analyzing induction and anesthetic recovery behavior (experiment I), electrocardiogram (experiment II), and opercular movement (experiment III). Fish exposed to high concentrations of etomidate reached the stage of general anesthesia faster, however, the recovery time was longer, characterizing a dose-dependent relationship. Cardiorespiratory analyzes demonstrated a reduction in heart rate (69.19%) and respiratory rate (40.70%) depending on the concentration of etomidate used during anesthetic induction. During the recovery period, there was cardiorespiratory reversibility to normality. Therefore, etomidate proved to be safe as an anesthetic agent for this species at concentrations of 2 to 3 mg.L -1 for short-term anesthesia, but at higher doses the animals showed slow reversibility of anesthesia in a gradual manner and without excitability. The hemodynamic effect due to the rapid decrease in heart rate includes a negative factor of using higher concentrations of etomidate for Colossome macropomum anesthesia.
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