ArticleCureus2024
Extraocular Muscle Enlargement in Thyroid Eye Disease Using Volumetric Analysis.
Article in Cureus, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Finite Element Analysis of Extraocular Muscle and Adipose-Dominant Pathogenesis in Thyroid Eye Disease With Clinical Implications.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Quantification of enlargement of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle in thyroid eye disease.International ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Patients with Thyroid Eye Disease Initiating Teprotumumab: A Real-World Cohort Study Using the Linked IRIS-Komodo Database.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- Orbital computed tomography biomarkers for the assessment of activity of Thyroid Eye Disease.PloS one · 2026Article
- Clinical profiles of thyroid eye disease with and without strabismus: a comparative study.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesIt is commonly taught that thyroid eye disease (TED) causes enlargement of the extraocular muscles (EOMs) in the following descending order: inferior rectus (IR), medial rectus (MR), superior rectus (SR), lateral rectus (LR), superior oblique (SO) and inferior oblique (IO). However, with recent literature challenging this notion, we aimed to compare EOM volumes in our cohort of TED patients. Methods: We conducted a retrospective, non-randomized case-control study. Twenty-eight orbits from 28 unique patients with TED who had high-resolution CT scans were compared to 31 normal orbits, all from a single academic institution. Orbital soft tissues were manually segmented using ITK-SNAP 3.8.0 (http://itksnap.org), and soft tissue volumes of the control and TED orbits were compared using independent-sample t-tests.
resultsOf the TED orbits, 54% of SR/levator palpebrae superioris complex volumes (SRC) and 50% of IR volumes were greater than two standard deviations above the normal orbit average. Compared to controls, the mean SRC volume in TED subjects was 2.3 times enlarged, followed by the IR (2.1 times), SO (1.8 times), MR (1.7 times), LR (1.6 times), IO (1.6 times), and orbital fat (1.4 times) (
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