ArticleJMIR public health and surveillance2024
Spatiotemporal Changes and Influencing Factors of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in Guangzhou, China, From 2013 to 2022: Retrospective Analysis.
Article in JMIR public health and surveillance, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A Meta-Analysis of Influencing Factors for Reinfection of Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease in China, Based on Adjusted Effect Estimates.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of hand, foot and mouth disease reinfection cases in a large district of southern China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Study on the spatial-temporal evolution and influencing factors of AIDS incidence in China from 2006 to 2022.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Effects of the non-pharmaceutical interventions during the COVID-19 epidemic on hand, foot and mouth disease in Qingdao, China.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Bayesian joint spatiotemporal modelling of primary infection and reinfection of HFMD at county level in Jiangsu, China, 2009-2023.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Risk Prediction in Southern China: Time Series Study Integrating Web-Based Search and Epidemiological Surveillance Data.JMIR infodemiology · 2025Article
- Impact of meteorological factors on the incidence of hand, foot and mouth disease in Ningbo from 2014 to 2019: a causal convolutional neural networks.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Spatiotemporal distribution and ecological factors of disease burden in Inner Mongolia's working age population with brucellosis from 2015 to 2020.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of hand, foot and mouth disease reinfection cases in Jiulongpo District, Chongqing, China, 2009-2023.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: In the past 10 years, the number of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) cases reported in Guangzhou, China, has averaged about 60,000 per year. It is necessary to conduct an in-depth analysis to understand the epidemiological pattern and related influencing factors of HFMD in this region. Objective: This study aims to describe the epidemiological characteristics and spatiotemporal distribution of HFMD cases in Guangzhou from 2013 to 2022 and explore the relationship between sociodemographic factors and HFMD incidence. Methods: The data of HFMD cases in Guangzhou come from the Infectious Disease Information Management System of the Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Spatial analysis and space-time scan statistics were used to visualize the spatiotemporal distribution of HFMD cases. Multifactor ordinary minimum regression model, geographically weighted regression, and geographically and temporally weighted regression were used to analyze the influencing factors, including population, economy, education, and medical care. Results: From 2013 to 2022, a total of 599,353 HFMD cases were reported in Guangzhou, with an average annual incidence rate of 403.62/100,000. Children aged 5 years and younger accounted for 93.64% (561,218/599,353) of all cases. HFMD cases showed obvious bimodal distribution characteristics, with the peak period from May to July and the secondary peak period from August to October. HFMDs in Guangzhou exhibited a spatial aggregation trend, with the central urban area showing a pattern of low-low aggregation and the peripheral urban area demonstrating high-high aggregation. High-risk areas showed a dynamic trend of shifting from the west to the east of peripheral urban areas, with coverage first increasing and then decreasing. The geographically and temporally weighted regression model results indicated that population density (β=-0.016) and average annual income of employees (β=-0.007) were protective factors for HFMD incidence, while the average number of students in each primary school (β=1.416) and kindergarten (β=0.412) was a risk factor. Conclusions: HFMD cases in Guangzhou were mainly infants and young children, and there were obvious differences in time and space. HFMD is highly prevalent in summer and autumn, and peripheral urban areas were identified as high-risk areas. Improving the economic level of peripheral urban areas and reducing the number of students in preschool education institutions are key strategies to controlling HFMD.
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