ArticleNature ecology & evolution2024
Widening global variability in grassland biomass since the 1980s.
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Article in Nature ecology & evolution, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 6 papers.
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6citing papers in PubMed
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Nutrient Enrichment Increases Grassland Biomass Sensitivity to Interannual Precipitation Variation.Global change biology · 2026Article
- A long-term (2000-2022), high-resolution (0.005°) aboveground biomass dataset of global grasslands.Scientific data · 2026Article
- Declining grassland canopy height in China under asymmetric biomass allocation.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Frequent failure of nutrients to increase plant biomass supports the need for precision fertilization in agriculture.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Interactions among nutrients govern the global grassland biomass-precipitation relationship.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- The dataset of main grain land changes in China over 1985-2020.Scientific data · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
86 authors.
Andrew S MacDougallDepartment of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada. asm@uoguelph.ca.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1869-7868
Ellen EschDepartment of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Qingqing ChenInstitute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1957-3848
Oliver CarrollDepartment of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2514-3422
Colin BonnerDepartment of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4736-3787
Timothy OhlertDepartment of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
Matthias SiewertDepartment of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2890-8873
John SulikDepartment of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4637-0886
Anna K SchweigerDepartment of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5567-4200
Elizabeth T BorerDepartment of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2259-5853
Dilip NaiduCentre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7966-4579
Sumanta BagchiCentre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4841-6748
Yann HautierEcology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4347-7741
Peter WilfahrtDepartment of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA.
Keith LarsonDepartment of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7089-524X
Johan OlofssonDepartment of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6943-1218
Elsa ClelandDivision of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Ranjan MuthukrishnanDepartment of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7001-6249
Lydia O'HalloranBaruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.
Juan AlbertiInstituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC) FCEyN, UNMdP-CONICET, Mar del Plata, Argentina.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1600-0921
T Michael AndersonDepartment of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Carlos A ArnillasDepartment of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto-Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1506-9978
Jonathan D BakkerSchool of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8973-2771
Isabel C BarrioFaculty of Environmental and Forest Sciences, Agricultural University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8120-5248
Lori BiedermanDepartment of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2171-7898
Elizabeth H BoughtonArchbold Biological Station, Venus, FL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0932-280X
Lars A BrudvigDepartment of Plant Biology and Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3857-2165
Martin BruschettiInstituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC) FCEyN, UNMdP-CONICET, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
Yvonne BuckleyDepartment of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7599-3201
Miguel N BugalhoCentre for Applied Ecology, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7081-657X
Marc W CadotteDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto-Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5816-7693
Maria C CaldeiraForest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3586-8526
Jane A CatfordDepartment of Geography, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0582-5960
Carla D'AntonioDepartment of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
Kendi DaviesDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
Pedro DaleoInstituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC) FCEyN, UNMdP-CONICET, Mar del Plata, Argentina.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9759-1203
Christopher R DickmanSchool of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1067-3730
Ian DonohueDepartment of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4698-6448
Mary Ellyn DuPreMPG Ranch, Missoula, MT, USA.
Kenneth ElgersmaUniversity of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9012-8590
Nico EisenhauerGerman Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0371-6720
Anu EskelinenGerman Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1707-5263
Catalina EstradaDepartment of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0074-0776
Philip A FayUSDA-ARS Grassland Soil, and Water Research Laboratory, Temple, TX, USA.
Yanhao FengCollege of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0460-4883
Daniel S GrunerDepartment of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-4297
Nicole HagenahDepartment of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
Sylvia HaiderInstitute of Ecology, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2966-0534
W Stanley HarpoleGerman Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3404-9174
Erika Hersch-GreenDepartment of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3887-0768
Anke JentschDepartment of Disturbance Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2345-8300
Kevin KirkmanSchool of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9580-5191
Johannes M H KnopsDepartment of Health and Environmental Sciences, Jiatong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China.
Lauri LaanistoChair of Biodiversity and Nature Tourism, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2215-7298
Lucíola S LannesDepartment of Biology and Animal Sciences, Sao Paulo State University UNESP, Ilha Solteira, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0603-4071
Ramesh LaunganiDepartment of Environmental Science and Policy, Marist College, Poughkeepsie, NY, USA.
Ariuntsetseg LkhagvaDepartment of Biology, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
Petr MacekInstitute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4792-9461
Jason P MartinaDepartment of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3912-4911
Rebecca L McCulleyDepartment of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2393-0599
Brett MelbourneDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8843-4131
Rachel MitchellSchool of Earth and Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA.
Joslin L MooreArthur Rylah Institute for Environment Research, Department of Energy Environment and Climate Action, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9809-5092
John W MorganDepartment of Environment and Genetics, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
Taofeek O MurainaDepartment of Animal Health and Production, Oyo State College of Agriculture and Technology, Igbo-Ora, Nigeria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2646-2732
Yujie NiuDepartment of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0912-8401
Meelis PärtelInstitute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5874-0138
Pablo L PeriINTA-UNPA-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia, Rìo Gallegos, Argentina.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5398-4408
Sally A PowerHawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2723-8671
Jodi N PriceGulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Albury, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2899-7693
Suzanne M ProberCSIRO Environment, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
Zhengwei RenCollege of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
Anita C RischSwiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0531-8336
Nicholas G SmithDepartment of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7048-4387
Grégory SonnierArchbold Biological Station, Venus, FL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0614-7033
Rachel J StandishMurdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8118-1904
Carly J StevensLancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2390-1763
Michelle TedderSchool of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8021-0929
Pedro TognettiIFEVA Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7358-1334
G F Ciska VeenDepartment of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7736-9998
Risto VirtanenDepartment of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8295-8217
Glenda M WardleSchool of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0189-1899
Elizabeth WaringDepartment of Natural Sciences, Northeastern State University, Tahlequah, OK, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7273-1388
Amelia A WolfDepartment of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
Laura YahdjianIFEVA Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9635-1221
Eric W SeabloomDepartment of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6780-9259
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Global change is associated with variable shifts in the annual production of aboveground plant biomass, suggesting localized sensitivities with unclear causal origins. Combining remotely sensed normalized difference vegetation index data since the 1980s with contemporary field data from 84 grasslands on 6 continents, we show a widening divergence in site-level biomass ranging from +51% to -34% globally. Biomass generally increased in warmer, wetter and species-rich sites with longer growing seasons and declined in species-poor arid areas. Phenological changes were widespread, revealing substantive transitions in grassland seasonal cycling. Grazing, nitrogen deposition and plant invasion were prevalent in some regions but did not predict overall trends. Grasslands are undergoing sizable changes in production, with implications for food security, biodiversity and carbon storage especially in arid regions where declines are accelerating.
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