ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2025
Risk of Serious Adverse Gastrointestinal Events with Potassium Binders in Hospitalized Patients: A National Study.
Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- [Consensus recommendations on the diagnosis and treatment of hyperkalemia of the Austrian Society of Nephrology 2026].Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2026Review
- Efficacy of Patiromer in Treatment of Long Inter-Dialytic Interval Hyperkalemia in Potassium-Rich Diet Populations Undergoing Intermittent Hemodialysis.International journal of nephrology and renovascular disease · 2026Article
- Article
- Potassium binders in clinical practice: understanding potassium binder use in contemporary Swedish healthcare-the DEMONSTRATE database.BMC nephrology · 2025Article
- Are Newer Potassium Binding Agents Truly Better? Rethinking Sodium Polystyrene Sulfate and Emerging Therapies for Hyperkalemia.Journal of general internal medicine · 2025Article
- A Case of Sigmoid Colon Perforation Associated with Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate in a Patient with Advanced Rectal Cancer.Surgical case reports · 2025Article
- Safety assessment of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate: A FAERS-based disproportionality analysis.PloS one · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundConcerns about serious adverse gastrointestinal (GI) events with sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS) led to development of two new potassium binders, patiromer and sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC), for treatment of hyperkalemia.
objectiveTo compare risk of intestinal ischemia/thrombosis or other serious GI events associated with SPS, patiromer, or SZC in hospitalized patients.
designRetrospective cohort study.
participantsNational sample of 3,144,960 veterans hospitalized 2016-2022 in the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare System. MAIN MEASURES: Demographics, comorbidities, medications and outcomes were ascertained from the VA Corporate Data Warehouse. Exposures were SPS, patiromer, SZC. Outcomes were 30-day intestinal ischemia/thrombosis, and a composite of intestinal ischemia/thrombosis, peptic ulcer/perforation or bowel resection/ostomy. KEY
resultsPotassium binders were used during 39,270 (1.3%) hospitalizations: SPS = 30,040 (1.0%), patiromer = 3,750 (0.1%), and SZC = 5,520 (0.2%). Intestinal ischemia/thrombosis occurred with 106/30,040 (0.4%) SPS, 12/3750 (0.3%) patiromer and 24/5520 (0.4%) SZC, vs. 6998/3,105,650 (0.2%) without potassium binder. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were 1.40 [95% CI, 1.16 to 1.69] with SPS, 1.36 [CI, 0.79 to 2.36] with patiromer, and 1.78 [CI, 1.21 to 2.63] with SZC exposures. Composite GI adverse events occurred with 754/30,040 (2.5%) SPS, 96/3750 (2.6%) patiromer, 2.6% SZC, vs. 144/5520 (2.4%) without binder; aOR were 1.00 [CI, 0.94 to 1.08] with SPS, 1.08 [CI, 0.89 to 1.32] with patiromer, and 1.08 [CI, 0.93 to 1.27] with SZC exposures. No statistical difference in intestinal ischemia/thrombosis between each new agent and SPS was seen (p = 0.274 for SPS vs. SZC; p = 0.916 for SPS vs. patiromer).
conclusionRisk of intestinal ischemia/thrombosis or other serious adverse GI events was low and did not differ across three potassium-binding drugs.
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