ArticleCell discovery2024
40 Hz light flickering facilitates the glymphatic flow via adenosine signaling in mice.
Article in Cell discovery, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 46 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effects of caffeine on neuroinflammation in anxiety and depression: a systematic review of rodent studies.Translational psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Convergent Astrocytic Failure in Parkinson's Disease: A System-Level Model of Pathogenesis and Treatment.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Neurobiological mechanisms of 40-Hz stimulation in Alzheimer's disease: evidence, heterogeneity, and constraints.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Serial failure of the brain clearance continuum in Alzheimer's disease: mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives.Journal of neurology · 2026Review
- Gamma Oscillations, Sensory Stimulation, and Glymphatic Function: Toward User-Friendly Auditory Interventions for Brain Health in Aging and Neurodegeneration.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Glymphatic dysfunction couples with cortical excitation-inhibition imbalance in epilepsy: Evidence from Rasmussen encephalitis.Epilepsia · 2026Article
- High intensity 40 Hz flicker improves amyloid pathology and cognition with autophagy in 3xTg mice.iScience · 2026Article
- Association of glymphatic function with 40-Hz neural oscillations, systemic metabolic markers, and cognitive performance in healthy aging adults: An EEG and MRI study.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Glymphatic system impairment in neurological disorders: potential mechanisms and therapeutic targets.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Meningeal lymphatic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: molecular mechanisms, clinical implications, and future perspectives.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2026Review
- 40 Hz light flickering alleviates chronic pain via adenosine signaling in the retina-amygdala pathway.Cell research · 2026Article
- Adenosine AJournal of neurochemistry · 2026Article
- Age-Related Neurovascular Dysfunction in the Retina and Potential Pathogenic Mechanisms.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Review
- 40 Hz flicker preconditioning protects nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy via adenosine signaling.Communications biology · 2026Article
- The Glymphatic-Immune Axis in Glioblastoma: Mechanistic Insights and Translational Opportunities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Alterations of cerebrospinal fluid flow dynamics in Parkinson's disease.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2026Article
- Long-term effects of forty-hertz auditory stimulation as a treatment of Alzheimer's disease: Insights from an aged monkey model study.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Selective antagonism of adenosine A2A receptor reduces hypobaric hypoxia-induced neuroinflammation by inhibiting cGAS-STING pathway.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Retinal Amyloid Clearance Enhanced by 40-Hz Light Flicker via MHC-II+ Microglia Regulation in Mice.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Synaptic micromechanics and brain softening as a mechanobiological hypothesis for Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
20 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The glymphatic-lymphatic system is increasingly recognized as fundamental for the homeostasis of the brain milieu since it defines cerebral spinal fluid flow in the brain parenchyma and eliminates metabolic waste. Animal and human studies have uncovered several important physiological factors regulating the glymphatic system including sleep, aquaporin-4, and hemodynamic factors. Yet, our understanding of the modulation of the glymphatic system is limited, which has hindered the development of glymphatic-based treatment for aging and neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we present the evidence from fluorescence tracing, two-photon recording, and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging analyses that 40 Hz light flickering enhanced glymphatic influx and efflux independently of anesthesia and sleep, an effect attributed to increased astrocytic aquaporin-4 polarization and enhanced vasomotion. Adenosine-A
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.