Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39098978›Full record

ArticleAnnals of biomedical engineering2026

Cyclic Mechanism Affects Lumbar Spine Creep Response.

Elizabeth D Dimbath, Concetta Morino, Shea Middleton, Jason Kait, Maria Ortiz-Paparoni, Theodore A Slotkin, Jason F Luck, Cameron R 'Dale' Bass

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Annals of biomedical engineering, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Elizabeth D DimbathDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 101 Science Dr, 1427 FCIEMAS Bldg, Box 90281, Durham, NC, 27708, USA. elizabeth.dimbath@duke.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-4357-7583
Concetta MorinoDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 101 Science Dr, 1427 FCIEMAS Bldg, Box 90281, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7971-5663
Shea MiddletonDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 101 Science Dr, 1427 FCIEMAS Bldg, Box 90281, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
Jason KaitDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 101 Science Dr, 1427 FCIEMAS Bldg, Box 90281, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-2837-9459
Maria Ortiz-PaparoniDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 101 Science Dr, 1427 FCIEMAS Bldg, Box 90281, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3506-3549
Theodore A SlotkinDepartment of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3232-4881
Jason F LuckDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 101 Science Dr, 1427 FCIEMAS Bldg, Box 90281, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6010-2637
Cameron R 'Dale' BassDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 101 Science Dr, 1427 FCIEMAS Bldg, Box 90281, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7357-4791

Funding

Office of Naval Research MTEC-18-04-I-PREDICT-07
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThis study aims to explore how cyclic loading influences creep response in the lumbar spine under combined flexion-compression loading.

methodsTen porcine functional spinal units (FSUs) were mechanically tested in cyclic or static combined flexion-compression loading. Creep response between loading regimes was compared using strain-time histories and linear regression. High-resolution computed tomography (µCT) visualized damage to FSUs. Statistical methods, ANCOVA and ANOVA, assessed differences in behavior between loading regimes.

resultsCyclic and static loading regimes exhibited distinct creep response patterns and biphasic response. ANCOVA and ANOVA analyses revealed significant differences in slopes of creep behavior in both linear phases. Cyclic tests consistently showed endplate fractures in µCT imaging.

conclusionThe study reveals statistically significant differences in creep response between cyclic and static loading regimes in porcine lumbar spinal units under combined flexion-compression loading. The observed biphasic behavior suggests distinct phases of tissue response, indicating potential shifts in load transfer mechanisms. Endplate fractures in cyclic tests suggest increased injury risk compared to static loading. These findings underscore the importance of considering loading conditions in computational models and designing preventive measures for occupations involving repetitive spinal loading.

Indexed as

Lumbar VertebraeAnimalsBiomechanical PhenomenaCompressive StrengthStress, MechanicalSwineWeight-BearingX-Ray MicrotomographyCombined loadingCreep responseCyclic loadingLumbar spineMechanical testing

Identifiers

PMID39098978

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.