Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39098904›Full record

ArticleNature communications2024

Ultrasound-responsive theranostic platform for the timely monitoring and efficient thrombolysis in thrombi of tPA resistance.

Lin Lin, Zhaojing Ba, Hao Tian, Haoxiang Qin, Xi Chen, Xin Zhou, Shanlan Zhao, Lang Li, Fangchao Xue, Hong Li and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  14. Organic Semiconducting Polymers for Cancer Sonodynamic Immunotherapy.Polymer science & technology (Washington, D.C.) · 2026
    Review
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  19. Engineered Probiotic-Powered Micro-Rod Robot Bomb for Thrombus-Penetrating Explosion.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Lin Lin *Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.ORCID 0000-0003-3803-345X
Zhaojing Ba *Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.ORCID 0000-0003-1467-0673
Hao Tian *Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.ORCID 0000-0003-2005-4623
Haoxiang Qin *Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.ORCID 0009-0006-0107-5225
Xi ChenDepartment of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.ORCID 0009-0001-6671-3420
Xin ZhouDepartment of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.ORCID 0000-0002-9324-4308
Shanlan ZhaoDepartment of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.ORCID 0000-0002-6444-3199
Lang LiDepartment of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.ORCID 0000-0003-2286-8268
Fangchao XueDepartment of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Hong LiDepartment of Anesthesiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.ORCID 0000-0002-1338-0829
Lang HeDepartment of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.ORCID 0009-0005-2841-4314
Xiaochen LiDepartment of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.ORCID 0009-0006-4502-9247
Jiahui DuDepartment of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.ORCID 0000-0003-4367-880X
Zhenhua ZhouDepartment of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China. exploiter001@126.com.ORCID 0000-0002-4548-4489
Wen ZengDepartment of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China. zengw0105@163.com.ORCID 0000-0002-8097-3499

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

There is no effective and noninvasive solution for thrombolysis because the mechanism by which certain thrombi become tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)-resistant remains obscure. Endovascular thrombectomy is the last option for these tPA-resistant thrombi, thus a new noninvasive strategy is urgently needed. Through an examination of thrombi retrieved from stroke patients, we found that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), ε-(γ-glutamyl) lysine isopeptide bonds and fibrin scaffolds jointly comprise the key chain in tPA resistance. A theranostic platform is designed to combine sonodynamic and mechanical thrombolysis under the guidance of ultrasonic imaging. Breakdown of the key chain leads to a recanalization rate of more than 90% in male rat tPA-resistant occlusion model. Vascular reconstruction is observed one month after recanalization, during which there was no thrombosis recurrence. The system also demonstrates noninvasive theranostic capabilities in managing pigs' long thrombi (>8 mm) and in revascularizing thrombosis-susceptible tissue-engineered vascular grafts, indicating its potential for clinical application. Overall, this noninvasive theranostic platform provides a new strategy for treating tPA-resistant thrombi.

Indexed as

Thrombolytic TherapyThrombosisTissue Plasminogen ActivatorAnimalsDisease Models, AnimalDrug ResistanceExtracellular TrapsFibrinFibrinolytic AgentsHumansMaleRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyStrokeSwineTheranostic NanomedicineFibrinFibrinolytic AgentsTissue Plasminogen Activator

Identifiers

PMID39098904
PMCPMC11298549

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.