ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2025
Breast density and risk of breast cancer: masking and detection bias.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- International breast density and cancer risk assessment workshop: advances, challenges, and emerging solutions, a summary from the 11th IBDW, Kaua'i 2025.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Article
- High risk score of breast cancer by artificial intelligence (AI) on screening mammograms: a review of negative and cancer cases.European radiology · 2026Article
- A Comparison of Methods for Modeling Multistate Cancer Progression Using Screening Data with Censoring after Intervention.Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making · 2026Article
- Nipple aspirate fluid as a proximal breast liquid biopsy platform: advancing precision risk management in breast cancer.Clinical proteomics · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Breast density is associated with risk of breast cancer (BC) diagnosis, affecting risk prediction tools and patient notification policies. Density affects mammography sensitivity and may influence screening intensity. Therefore, the observed association between density and BC diagnosis may not reflect the relationship between density and disease risk. We investigated the association between breast density and BC risk using data sourced from 33 542 women in the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium, 2000-2018. We estimated mammogram sensitivity and rates of screening mammography among dense (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System [BI-RADS] breast density categories C and D) and nondense (BI-RADS categories A and B) breasts. We used Kaplan-Meier estimates to summarize the relative risks of BC diagnosis (RRdx) by density and fit a natural history model to estimate the relative risks of BC onset (RRonset) given density-specific sensitivities. The RRdx for dense vs nondense breasts was 1.80 (95% CI, 1.46-2.57). Based on estimated screening sensitivities of 0.88 and 0.78 for nondense and dense breasts, respectively, RRonset was 1.73 (95% CI, 1.43-2.25). Sensitivity analyses suggested higher breast density is robustly associated with increased risk of BC onset, similar in magnitude to the increased risk of BC diagnosis. These findings support laws requiring notifications to women with dense breasts of their increased BC risk.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.