Trial reportAcademic pediatrics
Effects of a Prenatal Anxiety Randomized Controlled Trial Intervention on Infant Development in Pakistan.
Trial report in Academic pediatrics. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03880032 (Happy Mother-Healthy Baby), which is not on this map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Happy Mother-Healthy Baby: An Anxiety-focused Early Prenatal Intervention for the Prevention of Common Mental Disorders in Pakistan
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- A psychosocial intervention for prenatal anxiety decreases functional disability among pregnant Pakistani women: A moderated mediation approach using data from a randomized controlled trial.Journal of psychosomatic research · 2025Trial
- Maternal Responsiveness, Parenting Self-efficacy, and Economic Empowerment: Determinants of Infant Development in Pakistan.Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBP · 2026Article
- Receipt of a psychosocial intervention for prenatal anxiety and risk of perinatal intimate partner violence in Pakistani women.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveGiven that infant development is influenced by caregiver mental health, we tested whether an intervention to reduce antenatal anxiety could affect infant development. A secondary aim was to test depressive symptoms, maternal responsiveness, and maternal infant bonding as mediators of this relationship.
methodsBetween 2020 and 2022, pregnant women participated in a randomized controlled trial of the Happy Mother-Healthy Baby (HMHB) program based on cognitive behavioral therapy. We collected data on child development from 202 intervention and 198 control participants in a public hospital in Pakistan. Child development was measured using the Ages and Stages Questionnaires-Version 3 at six weeks postpartum. Using intent-to-treat analyses, we examined whether the intervention was associated with performance on the five ASQ-3 domains. Causal mediation analysis was used to assess depressive symptoms, bonding, and maternal-infant responsiveness as mediators.
resultsSocio-demographic characteristics were evenly distributed between study arms. Intervention arm infants showed a 2.1-point increase (95% CI: 0.12, 4.17) in communication scores compared to controls. Though not achieving statistical significance, intervention infants also showed a 2.0-point increase (95% CI: -0.06, 4.09) in gross motor development performance. Bonding, depression, and responsiveness were mediators between the intervention and infant communication (B
conclusionsHMHB positively affected infant communication at six-week follow-up. Larger studies with longer follow-up are needed to confirm and extend these findings.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT03880032; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03880032.
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