Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39095752›Full record

ArticleBMC oral health2024

Transdermal pilocarpine on the skin over salivary glands to increase salivation: an in vivo study.

Natsuko Ishida, Ayano Katsura, Koichi Takagaki, Hiroshi Arakawa, Tsutomu Shimada, Satoshi Mizuno, Yoshimichi Sai, Yukio Kato, Hiroyuki Nakamura, Yukio Suga and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC oral health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Natsuko IshidaFaculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Science, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan. naishida@p.kanazawa-u.ac.jp.
Ayano KatsuraFaculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Science, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan.
Koichi TakagakiFaculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Science, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan.
Hiroshi ArakawaFaculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Science, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan.
Tsutomu ShimadaFaculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Science, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan.
Satoshi MizunoDepartment of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan.
Yoshimichi SaiDepartment of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan.
Yukio KatoFaculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Science, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan.
Hiroyuki NakamuraDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ryukyu University Graduate School of Medical Science, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Nakagami, 903-0215, Okinawa, Japan.
Yukio SugaFaculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Science, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan.
Ryo MatsushitaFaculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Science, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan.

Funding

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science JP20K16072
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHyposalivation is treated using oral cholinergic drugs; however, systemic side effects occasionally lead to discontinuation of treatment. We aimed to investigate the effects of transdermal pilocarpine on the salivary gland skin on saliva secretion and safety in rats.

methodsPilocarpine was administered to rats orally (0.5 mg/kg) or topically on the salivary gland skin (5 mg/body). Saliva volume, the number of sweat dots, and fecal weight were measured along with pilocarpine concentration in plasma and submandibular gland tissues.

resultsSaliva volume significantly increased 0.5 h after oral administration and 0.5, 3, and 12 h after topical administration. Fecal weight and sweat dots increased significantly 1 h after oral administration; however, no changes were observed after topical application. The pilocarpine concentration in the submandibular gland tissues of the topical group was higher than that in the oral group at 0.5, 3, and 12 h of administration.

conclusionsPilocarpine application to salivary gland skin persistently increased salivary volume in rats without inducing sweating or diarrhea. Transdermal pilocarpine applied to the skin over the salivary glands may be an effective and safe treatment option for hyposalivation.

Indexed as

Administration, CutaneousPilocarpineSalivary GlandsSalivationXerostomiaAdministration, OralAnimalsMaleMuscarinic AgonistsRatsRats, Sprague-DawleySalivaSubmandibular GlandMuscarinic AgonistsPilocarpineCholinergic agonistHyposalivationSafetySalivaSweatingTransdermal formulation

Identifiers

PMID39095752
PMCPMC11297717

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.