ArticleJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2025
Motivators and Barriers to COVID-19 Vaccination Intentions Across U.S. County-Level Barriers in the COVID-19 Vaccine Coverage Index.
Article in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCounty-level barriers (sociodemographic barriers, limited healthcare system resources, healthcare accessibility barriers, irregular healthcare seeking behaviors, low vaccination history) may impact individuals' reasons for receiving the COVID-19 vaccine.
methodsThis study linked data from REACH-US (Race-Related Experiences Associated with COVID-19 and Health in the United States), a nationally representative, online survey of 5475 adults living in the U.S (January-March 2021) to county-level barriers in the COVID-19 Vaccine Coverage Index. County-level vaccination barriers were measured using the COVID-19 Vaccine Coverage Index. Participants reported why they would or would not receive the COVID-19 vaccine in an open-ended item and their responses were coded using thematic analysis. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests assessed whether reasons for COVID-19 vaccination intentions varied by county-level barriers and whether these distributions varied across racial/ethnic groups.
resultsThematic analysis revealed twelve themes in participants' reasons why they would or would not receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Themes of societal responsibility (9.8% versus 7.7%), desire to return to normal (8.1% versus 4.7%), and trust in science/healthcare/government (7.7% versus 5.1%) were more frequently reported in counties with low/medium barriers (versus high/very high) (p-values < 0.05). Concerns of COVID-19 vaccine side effects/safety/development (25.3% versus 27.9%) and concerns of access/costs/availability/convenience (1.9% versus 3.6%) were less frequently reported in counties with low/medium barriers (versus high/very high) (p-values < 0.05). Trends in the prevalence of these themes varied across racial/ethnic groups (p-values < 0.05).
conclusionsFuture pandemic responses should consider potential ways county-level barriers shape reasons for COVID-19 vaccination.
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