ArticleJournal of cosmetic dermatology2024
Exploring the influencing factors on acne, melasma, and rosacea: A case-control study in China.
Article in Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- The exposomal imprint on rosacea: More than skin deep.Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV · 2026Review
- Targeting Melasma: Innovations in Pigment Deposition and Photoaging in Cosmetic Dermatology.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2026Review
- Exposome involvement in the development of acne vulgaris.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Melasma secondary to drugs: a real-world pharmacovigilance study of the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS).BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2025Article
- Exploring the influencing factors on acne, melasma, and rosacea: A case-control study in China.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe severity and treatment response of acne, melasma, and rosacea may be influenced by various currently unclear internal and external factors. This study aimed to provide evidence to the influencing factors for the mentioned conditions through a real-world case-control study.
methodsAn online survey consisting of 60 questions was implemented, collecting information on demographics, socioeconomics, genetic factors, lifestyle habits, environmental exposures, and skin care behaviors. Then we constructed univariate and multivariate logistic regressions. Furthermore, we analyzed the dose-response relationship between exposure and outcome.
resultsA total of 399 individuals, including 94 acne patients, 107 melasma patients, and 91 rosacea patients were included. Acne and melasma were positively correlated with screen time (acne: odds ratio [OR]: 2.24, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25-4.02; melasma: OR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.09-2.31), while exercise exerted a protective effect on both acne (OR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.13-0.77) and melasma (OR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.22-0.80) in a dose-response relationship. In addition, males were associated with an elevated risk of acne (OR: 6.62, 95% CI: 1.01-43.26). Aging (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.07-1.24) and irregular bowel movements (OR: 2.99, 95% CI: 1.11-8.08) were independent risk factors for melasma. Rosacea was positively associated with BMI (OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.01-1.35).
conclusionIn our study, we highlighted exercise as an independent protective factor for both acne and melasma in a dose-response trend. Inversely, extended use of electronic equipment was independently associated with higher risks of acne and melasma. Rosacea, however, was more likely to be related with BMI.
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