Characterizing Interventions Used to Promote Life Participation in Adults on Peritoneal Dialysis Therapy: A Scoping Review.

Background: Living with kidney failure can interfere with life participation (ie, participation in valued life activities). Life participation has recently been identified as a top-priority health outcome of people on peritoneal dialysis therapy, but it is a relatively unexplored topic in peritoneal dialysis. Objective: The objective is to describe the interventions that have been used to promote life participation in the peritoneal dialysis population and highlight research gaps warranting further investigation. Design: A scoping review was conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. Setting: Six electronic databases (MEDLINE [OVID], EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL Plus, SCOPUS) were searched. Patients: Adults aged 18+ years on peritoneal dialysis therapy. Measurements: Any dedicated scale or subscale that measured life participation as an isolated outcome. Methods: Title/abstract screening was completed independently after adequate inter-rater reliability (kappa > 0.8) was achieved among reviewers. Full-text review and data extraction were conducted in duplicate. Extracted data were analyzed using counts, percentages, and narrative synthesis to describe patterns in the literature. Results: After identifying 13 874 results, 17 studies met eligibility criteria. Eight studies were conducted within the past 5 years, with China as the most common study location. Only 2 studies investigated life participation as a primary study outcome. Eight studies targeted personal-physical barriers to life participation, 8 targeted multiple barriers, and 1 targeted an environmental-institutional barrier. Life participation was assessed within a subdomain of a broader quality of life assessment (The Kidney Disease Quality of Life [KDQOL]-36 or the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey [SF-36]) in 11 studies. The majority of assessments captured life participation in all major domains of participation (self-care, work, and leisure). Limitations: Eligibility screening at title/abstract stage was not performed in duplicate; articles not available in English were excluded. Conclusions: Life participation has infrequently been prioritized as a health outcome in peritoneal dialysis (PD). Interventions have been narrow in focus given the range of challenges faced by people on PD and the holistic approaches used in other clinical populations. Future research should prioritize life participation as a key health outcome in PD and investigate the impact of interventions that address cognitive, affective, and environmental barriers to participation.