Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39090366›Full record

ArticleJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2025

Limited Awareness of Long COVID Despite Common Experience of Symptoms Among African American/Black, Hispanic/Latino, and Indigenous Adults in Arizona.

Matt Ignacio, Sabrina Oesterle, Natalia Rodriguez-González, Gilberto Lopez, Stephanie Ayers, Ann Carver, Wendy Wolfersteig, James Herbert Williams, Samantha Sabo, Sairam Parthasarathy

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Matt IgnacioSouthwest Interdiciplinary Research Center, School of Social Work, Arizona State University, 411 N Central Ave #800, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA. mignacio@asu.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-6501-2630
Sabrina OesterleSouthwest Interdiciplinary Research Center, School of Social Work, Arizona State University, 411 N Central Ave #800, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
Natalia Rodriguez-GonzálezSouthwest Interdiciplinary Research Center, School of Social Work, Arizona State University, 411 N Central Ave #800, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
Gilberto LopezSchool of Transborder Studies, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
Stephanie AyersSouthwest Interdiciplinary Research Center, School of Social Work, Arizona State University, 411 N Central Ave #800, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
Ann CarverSouthwest Interdiciplinary Research Center, School of Social Work, Arizona State University, 411 N Central Ave #800, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
Wendy WolfersteigSouthwest Interdiciplinary Research Center, School of Social Work, Arizona State University, 411 N Central Ave #800, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
James Herbert WilliamsSouthwest Interdiciplinary Research Center, School of Social Work, Arizona State University, 411 N Central Ave #800, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
Samantha SaboDepartment of Health Sciences, Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA.
Sairam ParthasarathyDivision of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.

Funding

NHLBI Maternal Morbidity and Mortality (3M) Administrative Coordinating CenterOT2HL158287 · NHLBI · WESTAT, INC. · PI Chanza Baytop · 2020 to 2026
$433.8M
NHLBI NIH HHS OT2 HL158287NHLBI NIH HHS OT2HL158287
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesCommunities of color might disproportionately experience long-term consequences of COVID-19, known as Long COVID. We sought to understand the awareness of and experiences with Long COVID among African American/Black (AA/B), Hispanic/Latino (H/L), and Indigenous (Native) adults (18 + years of age) in Arizona who previously tested positive for COVID-19.

methodsBetween December 2022 and April 2023, the Arizona Community Engagement Alliance (AZCEAL) conducted 12 focus groups and surveys with 65 AA/B, H/L and Native community members. Data from focus groups were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify emerging issues. Survey data provided demographic information about participants and quantitative assessments of Long COVID experiences were used to augment focus group data.

resultsStudy participants across all three racial/ethnic groups had limited to no awareness of the term Long COVID, yet many described experiencing or witnessing friends and family endure physical symptoms consistent with Long COVID (e.g., brain fog, loss of memory, fatigue) as well as associated mental health issues (e.g., anxiety, worry, post-traumatic stress disorder). Participants identified a need for Long COVID mental health and other health resources, as well as increased access to Long COVID information.

conclusionTo prevent Long COVID health inequities among AA/B, H/L, and Native adults living in AZ, health-related organizations and providers should increase access to culturally relevant, community-based Long COVID-specific information, mental health services, and other health resources aimed at serving these populations.

Indexed as

American Indian or Alaska NativeBlack or African AmericanCOVID-19Health Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHispanic or LatinoAdolescentAdultAgedArizonaFemaleFocus GroupsHumansMaleMiddle AgedSARS-CoV-2WhiteHealth disparitiesHealth equityHealth literacyLong COVIDMental healthRacial/ethnic groups

Identifiers

PMID39090366
PMCPMC12700219

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.