ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2024
Influence of non-pharmaceutical interventions on epidemiological characteristics of
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Epidemic Pattern Changes in Influenza A and B and Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pediatric Respiratory Infections During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic Restrictions in Northwest China.Current microbiology · 2026Article
- Changes in Epidemiological Characteristics in Children withJournal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- App-based epidemic game in a university campus reveals how risk perception and behavioral interventions shape disease transmission dynamics.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Interaction analysis of non-bacterial respiratory pathogens during and after the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in two cities along the eastern coast of China.Pediatric investigation · 2026Article
- Post-pandemic resurgence and collapse ofFrontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Ecological reshaping of pediatric respiratory pathogen profiles after COVID-19-related non-pharmaceutical interventions were lifted: a 5-year interrupted time-series study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Multi-dimensional epidemiology of pediatric acute respiratory tract infection in Ningbo, China (2020-2024): age-specific susceptibility, pathogen dynamics, and epidemiological trends.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Clinical characteristics analysis of pertussis and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Analysis of bacterial pathogen spectrum and epidemiological characteristics of pediatric lower respiratory tract infections: a large sample study based on bronchoalveolar lavage.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- A case report of severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia complicated by plastic bronchitis and Kawasaki disease.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Resurgence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in children: emerging challenges and opportunities.Current opinion in infectious diseases · 2025Review
- Shifting epidemic trends and severity in pediatric Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in the post-COVID-19 era.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Epidemiological changes ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Epidemiological association of the COVID-19 pandemic onBMJ open · 2025Article
- Positive rates ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Molecular epidemiological characteristics of pertussis in a pediatric hospital in Jinan City, China, 2022 to 2024.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- The circulating characteristics of common respiratory pathogens in Ningbo, China, both before and following the cessation of COVID-19 containment measures.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Clinical Manifestations, Macrolide Resistance, and Treatment Utilization Trends ofMicroorganisms · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Since the outbreak of COVID-19, China has implemented a series of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), effectively containing the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as well as various respiratory pathogens. With the continuous relaxation of restrictions, China has entered a new phase of the post-pandemic era. However, the epidemiological differences of Methods: Data of children aged 0-14 years who visited the Ningbo Medical Center LiHuiLi Hospital due to acute respiratory tract infections from January 2020 to December 2023 were collected. PCR was used to detect 13 respiratory pathogens and the macrolide-resistance of Results: Among 10,206 children, 2,360 were infected with MP (23.12%). Among the total, the MP positive rate during the NPI phase (6.35%) was significantly lower than that during the non-NPI phase (34.28%), while the macrolide resistance rate increased from 62.5% (NPI phase) to 81.1% (non-NPI phase). The rate of MP co-infection increased from 11.2% (NPI phase) to 30.3% (non-NPI phase). MP infection exhibited obvious seasonality, with the highest prevalence in autumn (30.0%) followed by summer (23.6%). There were differences in MP positivity rates among different age groups, with the highest among school-age children at 39.5%. During the NPI phase, all age groups were less susceptible to MP, while during the non-NPI phase, the susceptible age for MP was 4-12 years, with 8 years being the most susceptible. The susceptible age for MP co-infection was 0-6 years. MP exhibited antagonistic effects against numerous pathogens. Compared to MP single infection, the proportion of pneumonia was higher in MP co-infection cases. Conclusion: The removal of NPIs significantly impacted the spread of MP, altering population characteristics including age, seasonality, macrolide resistance, and MP co-infection rates.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.