ArticleAddiction neuroscience2024
Xylazine is an agonist at kappa opioid receptors and exhibits sex-specific responses to opioid antagonism.
Article in Addiction neuroscience, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed.
- Xylazine reduces methamphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion in rats through κ-opioid and α2-adrenoceptor mechanisms.Neuroscience letters · 2026Article
- Xylazine-induced diuresis in rats is attenuated by κ-opioid receptor and α2-adrenoceptor antagonists.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Xylazine, veterinary anesthetic and recreational drug adulterant, reduces cephalic regeneration and alters defensive responding in planarians.Neurotoxicology · 2026Article
- Musculoskeletal imaging findings of xylazine-associated wounds.Emergency radiology · 2026Article
- Discovery, Structural Characterization, and Preclinical Evaluation of Monoclonal Antibodies against Xylazine Poisoning.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2026Article
- Toxicological evidence of xylazine in fatal and non-fatal human intoxication: a systematic review.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2026Review
- Navigating an unpredictable supply: lived experiences of xylazine exposure among people who use drugs.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Validation of an oral self-administration model of xylazine use in mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Does Kappa Agonism Improve Reversal of 'Tranq-Dope' Overdose? Evidence from a Rodent Model.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Adverse maternal and neonatal effects associated with perinatal xylazine exposure: a systematic review.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Review
- Clinical factors linked to xylazine exposure in emergency department patients with illicit opioid overdose.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Observational
- Xylazine potentiates the interoceptive effects of fentanyl in male and female rats.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Xylazine exacerbates fentanyl-induced respiratory depression and prevents rescue by naloxone in mice.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Xylazine's κ opioid agonist activity is not shared with other FDA-approved αbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A Review of Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agents Implicated in Opioid Use Disorder.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2026Review
- Evidence that xylazine disrupts skin homeostasis by acting on epithelial cells through the kappa opioid receptor.Disease models & mechanisms · 2026Article
- Xylazine test strip utilization among pregnant and postpartum women with opioid use disorder: A pilot study.Pregnancy (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- The need to incorporate polysubstance use in neuropsychopharmacology research: Biological lessons and new opportunities.Addiction neuroscience · 2026Article
- First Detection of Xylazine in Texas Wastewater and Its Association with Fentanyl Use.ACS ES&T water · 2026Article
- Reinforcing effects of fentanyl/xylazine mixtures in monkeys responding under a food-versus-drug choice procedure.Behavioural pharmacology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Xylazine is in the unregulated drug supply at increasing rates, usually combined with fentanyl, necessitating understanding of its pharmacology. Despite commentary from politicians, and public health officials, it is unknown how xylazine impacts naloxone efficacy, and. few studies have examined it alone. Here, we examine the impact of xylazine alone and in combination with fentanyl on several behaviors in mice. Surprisingly, naloxone precipitates withdrawal from xylazine and fentanyl/xylazine coadministration, with enhanced sensitivity in females. Further, xylazine is a full agonist at kappa opioid receptors, a potential mechanism for its naloxone sensitivity. Finally, we demonstrate surprising effects of xylazine to kappa opioid antagonism, which are relevant for public health considerations. These data address an ongoing health crisis and will help inform critical policy and healthcare decisions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.