Trial reportMalaria journal2024
Mosquito Shield™, a transfluthrin passive emanator, protects against pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae sensu lato in central Benin.
Trial report in Malaria journal, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Efficacy of volatile pyrethroid spatial repellents to reduce exposure to mosquito and sand fly vectors and human infection risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Parasites & vectors · 2026Pooled it
- Volatile pyrethroid spatial repellents for preventing mosquito bites: a systematic review and meta-analysis.EBioMedicine · 2025Pooled it
- Trial
- Trial
- Experimental hut evaluation of mosquito shield, a transfluthrin spatial emanator, for control of wild pyrethroid resistant malaria vectors in Benin.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to spatial repellent for mosquito control and malaria risk perception in East Sumba, Indonesia.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- The efficacy of commercially available essential oil-based candles as spatial repellents againstFrontiers in insect science · 2026Article
- Outdoor biting by malaria vectors: what are the options for intervention?Malaria journal · 2025Review
- Investigation of Essential Oil from Cumin (Insects · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSpatial repellents can provide personal and household protection against biting vector mosquitoes by volatizing repellents into the air within a given area. Mosquito Shield™ is a transfluthrin passive emanator undergoing evaluation for malaria control. Studies evaluating its entomological impact against different local malaria vector populations would help guide its deployment in endemic countries.
methodsA two-arm single-blinded small-scale household randomised entomological trial was conducted to assess the impact of Mosquito Shield™ on the human landing rate of wild pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) vector mosquitoes in houses in the Ganhoua village of the Zakpota District of central Benin. From a total of 30 houses, 15 were randomly allocated to receive Mosquito Shield™, while the remainder received a placebo product. The trial lasted through the life of the Mosquito Shield™ product (32 days). Mosquito sampling was performed by human landing catches at baseline and at 6 timepoints post-intervention (days 0-1, 7-8, 14-15, 21-22, 28-29 and 31-32). Collections were performed for 2 nights at each sampling time point. WHO cylinder bioassays were conducted during the trial with F1 An. gambiae s.l. mosquitoes that emerged from larvae from the study area to assess the intensity of resistance to pyrethroids in the wild vector population.
resultsThe vector population in the study area showed a high intensity of resistance to pyrethroids. Baseline An. gambiae s.l. human landing rates were similar in houses in both study arms before product application (11.53/person/night vs 11.67/person/night, p > 0.05). A total of 5736 mosquitoes were collected in the placebo control arm and 3862 in the Mosquito Shield™ arm post-intervention. Overall An. gambiae s.l. post-intervention human landing rates were significantly lower in houses in the Mosquito Shield™ arm (18.13/person/night) compared to the houses in the placebo control arm (26.84/person/night, IRR = 0.658, p < 0.001). Over the lifespan of the product, Mosquito Shield™ provided a significant protective efficacy of 34.2% (22.1-44.4%, p < 0.001) against wild pyrethroid-resistant An. gambiae s.l. vectors compared to the placebo. Human landing rates of other nuisance vector mosquito species (Culex and Mansonia) were also reduced in houses treated with Mosquito Shield™ compared to the placebo.
conclusionMosquito Shield™, a transfluthrin passive emanator, provided significant protection against pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors to households in Benin. The spatial repellent shows potential to reduce malaria transmission by pyrethroid-resistant An. gambiae s.l. vector mosquitoes and cover gaps in malaria control when deployed to complement existing vector control interventions.
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