ArticleBMC psychiatry2024
Peripheral biomarkers to differentiate bipolar depression from major depressive disorder: a real-world retrospective study.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Complete blood count-based inflammatory ratios in people with bipolar disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte, monocyte-to-lymphocyte, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2026Pooled it
- Peripheral biochemical parameters for discrimination between bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder in female patients of reproductive age: a CRP-stratified exploratory study.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Early diagnosis of bipolar disorder.World journal of psychiatry · 2025Review
- BMAL1-Potential Player of Aberrant Stress Response in Q31L Mice Model of Affective Disorders: Pilot Results.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Codes between Poles: Linking Transcriptomic Insights into the Neurobiology of Bipolar Disorder.Biology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBipolar depression (BPD) is often misdiagnosed as a major depressive disorder (MDD) in clinical practice, which may be attributed to a lack of robust biomarkers indicative of differentiated diagnosis. This study analysed the differences in various hormones and inflammatory markers to explore peripheral biomarkers that differentiate BPD from MDD patients.
methodsA total of 2,048 BPD and MDD patients were included. A panel of blood tests was performed to determine the levels of sex hormones, stress hormones, and immune-related indicators. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to control for the effect of potential confounders between two groups and further a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyse the potential biomarkers for differentiating BPD from MDD.
resultsCompared to patients with MDD, patients with BPD expressed a longer duration of illness, more hospitalisations within five years, and an earlier age of onset, along with fewer comorbid psychotic symptoms. In terms of biochemical parameters, MDD patients presented higher IgA and IgM levels, while BPD patients featured more elevated neutrophil and monocyte counts. ROC analysis suggested that combined biological indicators and clinical features could moderately distinguish between BPD and MDD. In addition, different biological features exist in BPD and MDD patients of different ages and sexes.
conclusionsDifferential peripheral biological parameters were observed between BPD and MDD, which may be age-sex specific, and a combined diagnostic model that integrates clinical characteristics and biochemical indicators has a moderate accuracy in distinguishing BPD from MDD.
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