ReviewDrugs2024
Drug-Induced Pigmentation: A Review.
Review in Drugs, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Citalopram-induced photopigmentation.JAAD case reports · 2026Article
- Kojic Acid as a Natural Hypopigmenting Agent: Biological Activities, Delivery Challenges, and Nanotechnology-Based Strategies.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Minocycline-induced Hyperpigmentation of Transplanted Free Flaps: A Case Report.Journal of plastic and reconstructive surgery · 2026Article
- Quantifying the risk of drug-associated skin hyperpigmentation relative to the general population: A national cohort study using TriNetX.JAAD international · 2026Article
- Conjunctival melanosis associated with occupational exposure to airborne organic compounds: a case report and review of literature.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Effect of Bleomycin Hydrolase Expression in Tumor Tissue on the Therapeutic Effectiveness of Electrochemotherapy.Cancers · 2025Article
- Inhibition of Tyrosinase and Melanogenesis by Carboxylic Acids: Mechanistic Insights and Safety Evaluation.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Drug-induced pigmentation (DIP) is estimated to account for 20% of all cases of acquired hyperpigmentation. Over 50 agents have been implicated, including antibiotics, antimalarials, antiretrovirals, antipsychotics, prostaglandin analogs, heavy metals, and chemotherapeutic agents. The skin, mucosal surfaces, nails, and hair can all be affected, with the color, distribution, onset, and duration of pigmentation varying between offending agents. Both a thorough physical examination and medication history are necessary to determine the offending agent. In terms of mechanism, DIP occurs most frequently through the accumulation of melanin within the dermis but also by drug accumulation, pigment synthesis, and iron deposition. Photoprotection, including applying a broad-spectrum sunscreen, wearing photoprotective clothing, and seeking shade, plays an important role in the prevention of exacerbation of DIP. Multiple lasers, including the picosecond alexandrite, Q-switched Nd:YAG, Q-switched alexandrite, and Q-switched ruby lasers, have been successful in obtaining clearance of DIP. In this review, we examine the unique characteristics of each of the inciting agents in terms of incidence, clinical presentation, time to onset and resolution, and pathogenesis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
39085684What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.