Observational studyEye (London, England)2024
The incidence, monitoring coverage and clinical characteristics of hydroxychloroquine retinopathy in the United Kingdom.
Observational study in Eye (London, England), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Progressive Retinal Toxicity Nine Years After Hydroxychloroquine Discontinuation: A Case Report.Cureus · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRetinal monitoring is recommended for hydroxychloroquine users to detect pre-symptomatic retinopathy and preserve visual function. However, the incidence of hydroxychloroquine retinopathy and monitoring coverage in the U.K. are incompletely characterised. Moreover, the visual benefits of monitoring for retinopathy - recommended for over 70,000 long-term hydroxychloroquine users in the U.K. - remain unproven.
methodsA national, prospective observational study was undertaken with the British Ophthalmological Surveillance Unit (BOSU). Newly diagnosed cases of hydroxychloroquine retinopathy in the U.K. were reported and data captured using a standardised questionnaire over 3.5 years (July 2018-Dec 2021). The frequency of retinopathy and coverage of monitoring amongst long-term users was estimated. Visual function was compared between asymptomatic individuals detected on monitoring and those presenting with visual symptoms. The clinical characteristics, dosing and management of reported cases were captured.
resultsThe annualised number of incident cases of hydroxychloroquine retinopathy was 29-57, with an annualised frequency of 0.04-0.08% amongst long-term users (~1 in 1247-2625). The coverage of monitoring was approximately 2.6-5.5%. Visual acuity (0.1 vs. 0.22 logMAR; p = 0.007) and visual field mean deviation (-3.73 dB vs. -8.69 dB; p = 0.017) were better preserved in asymptomatic individuals compared to those presenting with visual symptoms.
conclusionThese data support the efficacy of monitoring in the preservation of visual function in patients with hydroxychloroquine retinopathy at diagnosis. The overall population coverage of monitoring was low, consistent with the high proportion of symptomatic patients at diagnosis. This study presents a method for evaluating the yield of monitoring for hydroxychloroquine retinopathy in the U.K.
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