Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39085575›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2024

Analyzing risk factors for second malignancies in early gastric carcinoma from the SEER database.

Lei Song, Fei Zhao, Lijing Zhang, Zhifang Zhao, Long Jin, Yu Zhao, Jin Zhao

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Lei SongKey Laboratory of Environmental Ecology and Population Health in Northwest Minority Areas, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China.
Fei ZhaoKey Laboratory of Environmental Ecology and Population Health in Northwest Minority Areas, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China.
Lijing ZhangKey Laboratory of Environmental Ecology and Population Health in Northwest Minority Areas, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China.
Zhifang ZhaoKey Laboratory of Environmental Ecology and Population Health in Northwest Minority Areas, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China.
Long JinKey Laboratory of Environmental Ecology and Population Health in Northwest Minority Areas, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China.
Yu ZhaoKey Laboratory of Environmental Ecology and Population Health in Northwest Minority Areas, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China.
Jin ZhaoKey Laboratory of Environmental Ecology and Population Health in Northwest Minority Areas, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China. yxzj@xbmu.edu.cn.

Funding

Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Northwest Minzu University 31920220114Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Northwest Minzu University 31920230002Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Northwest Minzu University, China 31920220113Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province 21JR11RA016Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province 22JR11RA237
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This retrospective study analyzed a large population of gastric cancer (GC) patients treated between 2010 and 2015 to investigate the clinical features and predictive risk factors for developing secondary primary malignancies (SPMs). The cumulative incidence of SPM was assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Competing risk analyses adjusted for mortality were conducted using stratified Cox proportional hazard regression models and multivariate analyses to identify independent predictors of SPM. A total of 3289 out of 167,747 GC patients were included in the analytic cohort, with 155 patients diagnosed with SPM. Patients whose histologic type other than adenocarcinomas (AC) and signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) emerged as an independent risk factor for developing SPM (hazard ratio [HR] 2.262, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.146-4.465, P = 0.019) in multivariate Cox regression analysis. The surgical method, including biopsy/local excision (HR 2.3, [CI] 1.291-4.095, P = 0.005) and subtotal/total resection ([HR] 1.947, [CI] 1.028-3.687, P = 0.041), chemotherapy ([HR] 1.527, [CI] 1.006-2.316, P = 0.047), and histologic type ([HR] 2.318, [CI] 1.193-4.504, P = 0.013)), were identified as independent risk factors in the competitive risk model. Subgroup analyses, stratified by chemotherapy, revealed an increased risk of SPM among older patients. Furthermore, a nomogram was developed and internally validated to predict the cumulative incidence of SPM in GC patients (C-index = 0.73 for 72 months). These findings suggested that in specific histologic types of GC, the lymph node infiltration region missed after local surgical resection, and concomitant chemotherapy would have an increased risk of SPM for cancer survivors.

Indexed as

Neoplasms, Second PrimarySEER ProgramStomach NeoplasmsAdultAgedFemaleHumansIncidenceKaplan-Meier EstimateMaleMiddle AgedProportional Hazards ModelsRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsCompetitive proportional hazard modelGastric carcinomaHarrell concordance indexNomogramSecond primary malignancies

Identifiers

PMID39085575
PMCPMC11291716

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.