ArticleJCEM case reports2024
Transformation of a Benign Adrenocortical Adenoma to a Metastatic Adrenocortical Carcinoma Is Rare But It Happens.
Article in JCEM case reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Frequent antecedent nodules and diagnostic gaps in adrenocortical carcinoma.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- Is adrenal adenoma to carcinoma transformation possible?-Illustrative cases and literature review.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Review
- Genomic Catastrophe Defines the Evolutionary Trajectory of Adrenocortical Carcinoma.Endocrine pathology · 2026Article
- In-depth Genetic and Molecular Characterization of Unilateral Coexisting Adrenal Cortical Adenoma and Carcinoma in the Context of MEN1 Syndrome.Endocrine pathology · 2026Article
- Clinical and Biochemical Progression in a Patient With Cortisol-Producing Adenoma.JCEM case reports · 2026Article
- Clinical and Radiological Features of Atypical Adrenal Masses-A Multicenter Retrospective Study.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
The transformation of an adrenocortical adenoma (ACA) to an adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is extremely rare. Current guidelines suggest against further imaging studies and follow-up in patients with nonfunctional adrenal incidentalomas (NFAIs) with benign imaging characteristics. Herein, we present a 64-year-old male patient diagnosed initially with a NFAI of 3 cm in size with imaging characteristics consistent with an ACA. However, 13 years after initial diagnosis, this apparent ACA developed into a high-grade cortisol and androgen-secreting ACC with synchronous metastases. The literature review revealed a further 9 case reports of adrenal incidentalomas initially characterized as ACA that subsequently developed into ACC within a period ranging from 1 to 10 years. The pathogenesis of transformation of an initially denoted ACA to ACC is not fully delineated, although the existing literature focuses on the preexisting or changing genetic background of these lesions, highlighting the need to develop robust prognostic markers to identify patients at risk and individualize the follow-up of these unique cases.
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