ArticleVirology journal2024
Epidemiological study of post-pandemic pediatric common respiratory pathogens using multiplex detection.
Article in Virology journal, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Two-Year Pathogen Dynamics, Coinfection Features, and Core Risk Factors Associated With Severe Pediatric Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Hangzhou, China.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2026Observational
- Human Health Risks Associated with the Consumption of Wild Foods and Geophagic Material Along the Great Dyke and Surrounding Areas in Zimbabwe.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Scenario-Driven Rapid Testing for Top Pathogens in Pediatric Respiratory Infections: Clinical and Economic Value from Emergency Triage to Precision Anti-Infective Management in the PICU.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- One Sample, Many Insights: The Epidemiological and Public Health Value of Multiplex PCR Respiratory Panels Following the End of the COVID-19 Pandemic.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- The prevalence and role of human respiratory syncytial virus in pediatric respiratory tract infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis of global data.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Respiratory Infection-Related Pathogens in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit During 2019-2024 in Hubei, China.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Epidemiology, temporal trends and co-infection of 13 respiratory pathogens in 32,125 children: a 3-year retrospective study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Shifts in Pediatric Respiratory Virus Trends After the COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights From a 12-Year Hospital-Based Study in South Korea.International journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Limited discriminatory value of C-reactive protein for viral coinfection and respiratory severity in children evaluated in the emergency department for acute respiratory tract illness.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Multiplex PCR-based epidemiology of viral acute respiratory infections in hospitalized children: implications for antibiotic stewardship in Saudi Arabia.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Etiology and Epidemiology of Acute Lower Respiratory Infections Among Hospitalized Pediatric Patients in Northeastern China: A Retrospective Study from 2023 to 2025.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Analysis of bacterial pathogen spectrum and epidemiological characteristics of pediatric lower respiratory tract infections: a large sample study based on bronchoalveolar lavage.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- The Use of Point-of-Care Tests and Multiplex PCR Tests in the Pediatric Emergency Department Reduces Antibiotic Prescription in Patients with Febrile Acute Respiratory Infections.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Post-pandemic resurgence of respiratory virus infections: age and department-specific patterns in a Chinese tertiary hospital (2020-2024).BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Changes inMicrobiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization costs, rates, and seasonality in Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Review
- Dynamics of Absences Due to Respiratory Infections, Including COVID-19, Among Medical Staff in a Regional Pediatric Hospital.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Prevalence and distribution of respiratory pathogens in pediatric acute respiratory infections in Putian, China.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Changes in Respiratory Viruses' Activity in Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe burden and characteristics of respiratory viral infections in children hospitalized for acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) during the post-COVID-19 pandemic era are unclear. We analyzed the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of pediatric patients hospitalized with common respiratory virus infections before and after relaxation of non-pharmaceutical interventions in Hangzhou, China and evaluated the diagnostic value of the six-panel respiratory pathogen detection system.
methodsSix types of respiratory viruses were detected in respiratory samples from children with suspected ARTIs by multiplex real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Changes in virus detection rates and epidemiological and clinical characteristics, obtained from electronic health records, were analyzed. Binary logistic regression was used to identify respiratory tract infections risk factors. Multiplex RT-qPCR and targeted next-generation sequencing results were compared in random samples.
resultsAmong the 11,056 pediatric samples, 3228 tested positive for one or more of six common respiratory pathogens. RSV and PIV-3 detection rates differed significantly across age groups (both P < 0.001), and were more common in younger children. PIV-1 was more common in infants, toddlers, and preschoolers than in school-age children (P < 0.001). FluB was predominantly detected in school-age children (P < 0.001). RSV-, ADV-, and PIV-1-positivity rates were higher in 2022 than in 2023. Seasonal viral patterns differed across years. RSV (OR 9.156. 95% CI 5.905-14.195) and PIV-3 (OR 1.683, 95% CI 1.133-2.501) were risk factors for lower respiratory tract infections. RSV-positivity was associated with severe pneumonia (P = 0.044). PIV-3 (OR 0.391, 95% CI 0.170-0.899), summer season (OR 1.982, 95% CI 1.117-3.519), and younger age (OR 0.938, 95% CI 0.893-0.986) influenced pneumonia severity. Multiplex RT-qPCR showed good diagnostic performance.
conclusionAfter changes in COVID-19 prevention and control strategies, six common respiratory viruses in children were prevalent in 2022-2023, with different seasonal epidemic characteristics and age proclivities. RSV and PIV-3 cause lower, and FluA, FluB, and ADV more typically cause upper respiratory tract infections. Infancy and summer season influence severe pneumonia risk. Multiplex RT-qPCR is valuable for accurate and timely detection of respiratory viruses in children, which facilitates management, treatment, and prevention of ARTIs.
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