Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39080009›Full record

ArticleSocial psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology2025

Societal recovery trajectories in people with a psychotic disorder in long term care: a latent class growth analysis.

Stijn Crutzen, Simone R Burger, Ellen Visser, Helga K Ising, PHAMOUS investigators, Mark van der Gaag, Stynke Castelein

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Stijn CrutzenLentis Psychiatric Institute, Lentis Research, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Simone R Burger *Department of Clinical Psychology, VU University and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Ellen VisserUniversity Medical Center Groningen, Rob Giel Research Center, University of Groningen, University Center Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Helga K IsingRivierduinen Institute for Mental Health Care, Leiden, The Netherlands.
PHAMOUS investigators
Mark van der GaagDepartment of Clinical Psychology, VU University and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Stynke CasteleinLentis Psychiatric Institute, Lentis Research, Groningen, The Netherlands. s.castelein@rug.nl.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeFor many individuals with a psychotic disorder societal recovery is not accomplished. Research on societal recovery trajectories is mostly focussed on patients with a first episode psychosis. The present study aims to identify distinct societal trajectories in those with long duration of illness, through the identification of patient subgroups that are characterized by homogeneous trajectories.

methodsLongitudinal data were used from an ongoing dynamic cohort in which people with a psychotic disorder receive yearly measurements to perform a latent class growth analysis. Societal functioning was assessed with the Functional Recovery tool, consisting of three items (1) daily living and self-care, (2) work, study and housekeeping, and (3) social contacts. Furthermore, logistic regression was used to compare subgroups with similar societal recovery at baseline, but distinct trajectories.

resultsA total of 1476 people were included with a mean treatment time of 19 years (SD 10.1). Five trajectories of functioning were identified, a high stable (24.5%), a medium stable (28.3%), a low stable (12.7%), a high declining (11.2%) and a medium increasing subgroup (23.3%). Predictors for not deteriorating included happiness, recent hospitalisation, being physically active, middle or higher education and fewer negative symptoms. Predictors for improving included fewer positive and negative symptoms, fewer behavioural problems and fewer physical and cognitive impairments.

conclusionWhile the majority of individuals show a stable trajectory over four years, there were more patients achieving societal recovery than patients deteriorating. Predictors for improvement are mainly related to symptoms and behavioural problems, while predictors for deteriorating are related to non-symptomatic aspects such as physical activity, happiness and level of education.

Indexed as

Activities of Daily LivingLong-Term CarePsychotic DisordersAdultFemaleHumansLatent Class AnalysisLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedSelf CareLatent class growth analysisLong term carePsychotic disorderSocietal recovery

Identifiers

PMID39080009
PMCPMC11839786

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.