Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39079424›Full record

ArticleGeneral hospital psychiatry

Comorbidity and sex differences in functional disorders and internalizing disorders.

Nathaniel S Thomas, Nathan A Gillespie, Kenneth S Kendler, Albertine J Oldehinkel, Judith G M Rosmalen, Hanna M van Loo

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in General hospital psychiatry. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
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  7. Review
  8. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Nathaniel S ThomasVirginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 980126, Richmond, VA 23298-0126, USA. Electronic address: nate.thomas@vcuhealth.org.
Nathan A GillespieVirginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 980126, Richmond, VA 23298-0126, USA.
Kenneth S KendlerVirginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 980126, Richmond, VA 23298-0126, USA.
Albertine J OldehinkelUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700, RB, Groningen, Netherlands.
Judith G M RosmalenUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700, RB, Groningen, Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Internal Medicine, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700, RB, Groningen, Netherlands.
Hanna M van LooUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700, RB, Groningen, Netherlands.

Funding

An Integrative Approach to the Etiology of Internalizing Disorders in the Lifelines CohortR01MH125902 · NIMH · VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY · PI KENNETH SEEDMAN KENDLER, Hanna van Loo · 2022 to 2026
$2.8M
NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH125902
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveIn the current exploratory study we estimate comorbidity rates between FDs [fibromyalgia (FM), myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)]-and IDs-[major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)] by using self-reported diagnostic criteria.

methodWe analyzed data from 107,849 participants (mean age = 49.3 (SD = 13.0), 58.6% women) of the Lifelines Cohort Study. Lifelines is a prospective population-based cohort study in the northeast of the Netherlands. Current IDs were assessed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Current FM, ME/CFS, and IBS were assessed according to the 2010 American College of Rheumatology criteria, the 1994 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria and the ROME IV criteria, respectively. We estimated tetrachoric correlations between diagnoses and tested for sex differences. Additionally, we estimated the ratio of observed-to-expected frequency for combinations of diagnoses.

resultsFDs and IDs are highly comorbid (odds ratios: 3.2-12.6) with associations stronger among men. Participants with at least three disorders/diagnoses were more prevalent than expected by chance.

conclusionStudies that aim to explain sex differences and the comorbidity of specific combinations of IDs and FDs will be an important contribution to understanding the etiology of these conditions.

Indexed as

Anxiety DisordersComorbidityFatigue Syndrome, ChronicFibromyalgiaIrritable Bowel SyndromeMajor Depressive DisorderAdultAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNetherlandsProspective StudiesSex FactorsComorbidityDiagnosisFunctional disordersInternalizing disordersLifelines

Identifiers

PMID39079424
PMCPMC11390307

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.