Diversity of Fungal Community and Its Constraints in the Yifeng Lithium Mines, Eastern China.

It is well accepted that biodiversity and ecosystem functions are strongly shaped by environmental conditions; however, relatively little is known about how they depend on the mineralogical assemblage of local environments, especially in mines. This study aims to reveal the diversity characteristics of the fungal community in the surface of granite lithium ores and their weathering products sampled from the Yifeng lithium mines in Jiangxi Province, eastern China. According to the analysis of internal transcribed spacer1 (ITS1) high-throughput sequencing, significant differences in fungal community diversity on the surface of lithium ores and their weathering products have been revealed. The operational taxonomic unit (OTU) of the ore surface and its weathering products ranged from 280 to 624, which may depend on the mineral composition as well as the degree of weathering. The community composition of each sample was significantly different at the phylum level, especially between the weathering products in Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Although Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant fungal communities in all samples, each sample has its own distinctive fungi. The trophic modes of the fungi were more complex than that of the bacteria. 10 different fungal trophic modes and 25 dominant functional fungal groups were disclosed, and the saprophytic community was found to be the dominant group. These fungi could accelerate the decomposition of environmental organic matter in the environment by producing hydrolases and oxidases. Chytridiomycota with the function of producing and regulating secondary metabolites were the representative fungi in all samples. Our findings would provide theoretical basis and research clues for understanding the relationship between weathering of granite lithium and fungal communities.