Observational studyFrontiers in public health2024
16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and antimicrobial resistance profile of intensive care units environment in 41 Brazilian hospitals.
Observational study in Frontiers in public health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Genetic Diversity and Hospital Circulation of Opportunistic Pathogens in COVID-19 ICUs: Whole-Genome Sequencing Data.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Contact-mediated bacterial transmission and infection risk dynamics in a newly opened hospital ward.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Between the Sponge and the Tap-Bacterial Communities at Overlooked Hospital Hygiene Hotspots.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- The infectome framework: linking polymicrobial ecology and biofilm dynamics to precision diagnostic approaches.Infection · 2026Review
- Article
- Clean to Prevent, Monitor to Protect: A Scoping Review on Strategies for Monitoring Cleaning in Hospitals to Prevent HAIs.Infectious disease reports · 2025Review
- Organosilane for surface cleaning in intensive care units: protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial with crossover.Critical care science · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Infections acquired during healthcare setting stay pose significant public health threats. These infections are known as Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAI), mostly caused by pathogenic bacteria, which exhibit a wide range of antimicrobial resistance. Currently, there is no knowledge about the global cleaning process of hospitals and the bacterial diversity found in ICUs of Brazilian hospitals contributing to HAI. Objective: Characterize the microbiome and common antimicrobial resistance genes present in high-touch Intensive Care Unit (ICU) surfaces, and to identify the potential contamination of the sanitizers/processes used to clean hospital surfaces. Methods: In this national, multicenter, observational, and prospective cohort, bacterial profiles and several antimicrobial resistance genes from 41 hospitals across 16 Brazilian states were evaluated. Using high-throughput 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and real-time PCR, the bacterial abundance and resistance genes presence were analyzed in both ICU environments and cleaning products. Results: We identified a wide diversity of microbial populations with a recurring presence of HAI-related bacteria among most of the hospitals. The median bacterial positivity rate in surface samples was high (88.24%), varying from 21.62 to 100% in different hospitals. Hospitals with the highest bacterial load in samples were also the ones with highest HAI-related abundances. Conclusion: This study demonstrated a diverse and spread pattern of bacteria and antimicrobial resistance genes covering a large part of the national territory in ICU surface samples and in sanitizers solutions. This data should contribute to the adoption of surveillance programs to improve HAI control strategies and demonstrate that large-scale epidemiology studies must be performed to further understand the implications of bacterial contamination in hospital surfaces and sanitizer solutions.
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