SynthesisJournal of cutaneous medicine and surgery
Treatment of Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation in Skin of Colour: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Journal of cutaneous medicine and surgery. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Comparative efficacy and safety of fractional carbon dioxide and erbium-based fractional lasers for atrophic acne scars: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Lasers in medical science · 2026Pooled it
- Comparing fractional CO₂ laser and needling-based modalities in facial acne scar treatment: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.Lasers in medical science · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of recombinant human epidermal growth factor combined with fractional carbon dioxide laser for facial atrophic acne scars: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.Lasers in medical science · 2026Pooled it
- Axillary Hyperpigmentation Treatment: A Systematic Review of the Literature.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Pooled it
- Combination Therapy of Intense Pulsed Light and Fractional Carbon Dioxide Laser Versus Botulinum Toxin Type A in Post-thyroidectomy Scar Prevention: A Prospective, Randomized Controlled Trial.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Trial
- Clinical study on the effectiveness of laser combined with topical tranexamic acid in the treatment of melasma.Lasers in medical science · 2025Trial
- Cutaneous Aging in Skin of Color: A Narrative Review.American journal of clinical dermatology · 2026Review
- Use of a nanosecond Q-switched 1064 nm Nd: YAG laser for photoaging management in Asian skin: a retrospective study.Lasers in medical science · 2026Article
- Article
- Evolving sunscreen-use prevalence, patterns and perceptions from an online survey of digitally active Africans.Skin health and disease · 2026Article
- Moranoline-EnrichedInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Practical Therapeutic Strategies for Acne-Induced Hyperpigmentation Across all Skin Types.American journal of clinical dermatology · 2026Review
- Tetrahedral framework nucleic acids carrying tranexamic acid to alleviate ultraviolet B-induced skin pigmentation.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Chemical Peels in Skin of Color: A Scoping Review of Safety, Efficacy, and Practice Patterns.Cureus · 2026Review
- Global consensus on the management of melanin hyperpigmentation disorders.Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV · 2026Review
- Post-inflammatory Hyperpigmentation in Skin of Color: Emerging Therapies and Treatment Algorithms.Cureus · 2026Review
- Noninvasive Cosmetic Treatments for Fitzpatrick IV-VI: A Narrative Review of Safety and Efficacy Guidelines.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2026Article
- Development, Stability, and Clinical Efficacy of an Oil-in-Serum Formulation with Olive Extract Standardized in Hydroxytyrosol for Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation Treatment.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Article
- Curcumin-loaded nanocarriers for dermatological applications: current advances and biomedical implications.EXCLI journal · 2026Review
- Non-ablative dermal remodeling lasers in acquired dermal macular hyperpigmentation: A scoping review.PloS one · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Post inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) affects all skin types with a heightened predilection for darker skin tones. Its course is chronic once developed and treatment is often difficult. This systematic review aims to summarize the treatment outcomes for PIH with a focus on skin of colour (SOC) individuals. A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE (from 1946), Embase (from 1974), PubMed, and Cochrane in adherence to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guideline. Results from 48 studies summarized 1356 SOC individuals. The mean age was 29 years (n = 1036) and 78% were female (n = 786). The ethnic prevalence was 70% Black, 27% Asian, and 3% Latin. Overall, 20% were Fitzpatrick skin type (FST) III, 40% FST IV, 34% FST V, and 6% FST VI. Most cases were precipitated by inflammatory conditions (89%) and localized to the face (83%). The most frequently reported interventions were topical retinoids (22%) and laser therapy (17%). Partial improvement was seen in 85% and 66% of participants, respectively. Laser was the only intervention that offered complete resolution in a subgroup of patients (26%); however, there were reported cases of PIH exacerbation following treatment. Chemical peels (9%) and hydroquinone (7%) were among other treatments with less effective outcomes. PIH and its persistence is a prevalent issue, significantly affecting many affected individuals with darker skin tones. Our results show a lack of robust efficacy across all treatment modalities. There is considerable room for improvement in interventions for at-risk populations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.