ArticleArthritis research & therapy2024
Correlation of high-resolution computed tomography and immunological bronchoalveolar lavage in interstitial lung disease at the onset of inflammatory rheumatic diseases: implications for diagnosis and therapeutic strategies.
Article in Arthritis research & therapy, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- BAL lymphocytosis as a predictive marker for drug response and long-term outcome in fibrotic ILD: systematic review.BMJ open respiratory research · 2026Pooled it
- Bronchoalveolar lavage lymphocyte patterns in hypersensitivity pneumonitis and nonspecific interstitial pneumonia: a systematic review.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Prognostic Value of Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Reduced retinal microvascular density in patients with mixed connective tissue disease: an exploratory pilot study on the interplay between aging, renal function, and complement system.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Concurrency of systemic sclerosis and sarcoidosis: a case-based review.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Review
- Pulmonary Involvement in Autoimmune-Mediated Disease.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2025Review
- AI-based HRCT quantification reveals DLCO and TLC as key determinants of ILD severity in connective tissue diseases.RMD open · 2025Article
- The association of symptoms, pulmonary function test and computed tomography in interstitial lung disease at the onset of connective tissue disease: an observational study with artificial intelligence analysis of high-resolution computed tomography.Rheumatology international · 2025Observational
- Artificial intelligence-based quantification of pulmonary HRCT (AIqpHRCT) for the evaluation of interstitial lung disease in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases.Rheumatology international · 2024Article
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12 authors.
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Abstract
objectivesInflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRD) are often associated with interstitial lung disease (ILD). The aim of the present study was to establish a correlation between the findings on HRCT and the immunological bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL).
methodsThe study included 74 patients with newly diagnosed IRD and evidence of ILD on HRCT with the following pattern: ground-glass opacities (GGO), non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) and usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP). Patients with other HRCT pattern were excluded. No patient received any immunosuppressive therapy. In addition to HRCT, immunological BAL was performed and the American Thoracic Society clinical practice guideline were used to define BAL patterns (lymphocytic cellular pattern, neutrophilic cellular pattern, eosinophilic cellular pattern and unspecified pattern).
resultsThe main HRCT patterns were NSIP (47.3%), GGO (33.8%), and UIP (18.9%). BAL patterns showed the following distribution: 41.9% lymphocytic cellular pattern, 23.0% neutrophilic cellular pattern, 18.9% eosinophilic cellular pattern, and 16.2% unspecific cellular pattern. Placing these data in the context of the HRCT findings, the lymphocytic cellular BAL pattern (48%) was most commonly BAL pattern associated with GGO pattern in HRCT, whereas neutrophilic and lymphocytic cellular BAL patterns were the dominant feature in NSIP and UIP.
conclusionIn patients with new-onset IRD and ILD, inflammatory pulmonary changes are predominate, reflected by GGO on HRCT and a mainly lymphocytic cell profile in the immunological BAL. In NSIP or UIP on HRCT, the percentages of lymphocytes and neutrophils were higher in BAL fluid, representing a fibrotic component in addition to the inflammation. Consequently, patients with evidence of GGO on HRCT should primarily be treated with anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive therapy, whereas in patients with NSIP and UIP a combination of anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic agents would be the appropriate treatment.
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