ArticleTrials2024
Designing an implementation science clinical trial to integrate hypertension and cardiovascular diseases care into existing HIV services package in Botswana (InterCARE).
Article in Trials, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05414526 (Integrating Hypertension and Cardiovascular Diseases Care Into Existing HIV Services Package in Botswana), which is not on this map. Cited by 5 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Integrating Hypertension and Cardiovascular Diseases Care Into Existing HIV Services Package in Botswana (InterCARE)
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Integrating hypertension care into the existing HIV services package in Botswana (InterCARE): a pair-matched, cluster-randomised, type 2 hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial.The Lancet. Global health · 2026Trial
- Cross-Cutting Implementation Strategies to Integrate Hypertension Care Into HIV Care in Africa: Results From Six Country Studies in the HLB-SIMPLe Alliance.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026Article
- Models for Integrated HIV-Hypertension Care: Comparative Analysis of Six Integration Approaches from Implementation Research Projects Across Africa.Research square · 2026Article
- Integrated Hypertension-HIV Care in Botswana: Mixed-Methods Evaluation of Determinants of Success in an Implementation Trial.Global implementation research and applications · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
21 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDespite success in HIV treatment, diagnosis and management of hypertension (HTN) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains suboptimal among people living with HIV (PLWH) in Botswana, with an overall HTN control of only 19% compared to 98% HIV viral suppressed. These gaps persist despite CVD primary care national guidelines and availability of free healthcare including antihypertensive medications. Our study aims to develop and test strategies to close the HTN care gap in PLWH, through integration into HIV care, leveraging the successful national HIV care and treatment program and strategies.
methodsThe InterCARE trial is a cluster randomized controlled hybrid type 2 effectiveness-implementation trial at 14 sites designed to enroll 4652 adults living with HIV and HTN plus up to 2326 treatment partners. Primary outcomes included effectiveness (HTN control) and implementation outcomes using the Reach Effectiveness Adoption Implementation and Maintenance framework, with explanatory mixed methods used to understand variability in outcomes. InterCARE trial's main strategies include healthcare worker HTN and CVD care training plus long-term practice facilitation, electronic health record (EHR) documentation of key indicators and use of reminders, and use of treatment partners to provide social support to people living with HIV and HTN. InterCARE started with formative research to identify contextual factors influencing care gaps using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Results were used to adapt initial and develop additional implementation strategies to address barriers and leverage facilitators. The package was pilot tested in two clinics, with findings used to further adapt or add strategies for the clinical trial. DISCUSSION: If successful, the InterCARE model can be scaled up to HIV clinics nationwide to improve diagnosis, management, and support in Botswana. The trial will provide insights for scale-up of HTN integration into HIV care in the region.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov reference NCT05414526. Registered 18 May 2022, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05414526?term=NCT05414526.&rank=1 .
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