Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39074863›Full record

ArticleCMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne2024

Trends in rate of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and associated morbidities in Canada: a population-based study (2012-2021).

Susie Dzakpasu, Chantal Nelson, Elizabeth K Darling, Wesley Edwards, Phil A Murphy, Heather Scott, Michiel Van den Hof, Joel G Ray, Canadian Perinatal Surveillance System

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and women's health throughout the life course: an update review 2025-2026.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Temporal trends in risk of acute kidney injury among patients with preeclampsia in Canada: a retrospective cohort study.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Observational
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy Deaths: A Four-Year Review at a Tertiary/Quaternary Academic Hospital.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Dietary supplements and prevention of preeclampsia.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2025
    Review
  18. Article
  19. Insights into Reproductive Immunology and Placental Pathology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024
    Article
  20. CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2024
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Susie DzakpasuMaternal and Infant Health Section (Dzakpasu, Nelson), Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; McMaster Midwifery Research Centre, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Darling), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, and Faculty of Medicine (Edwards), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Newfoundland and Labrador Health Services (Murphy), St. John's, NL; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Scott, Van den Hof), IWK Health Centre; Dalhousie University (Scott, Van den Hof), Halifax, NS; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Ray), St. Michael's Hospital; Departments of Medicine, Health Policy Management and Evaluation (Ray), University of Toronto, Ont. susie.dzakpasu@phac-aspc.gc.ca.
Chantal NelsonMaternal and Infant Health Section (Dzakpasu, Nelson), Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; McMaster Midwifery Research Centre, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Darling), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, and Faculty of Medicine (Edwards), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Newfoundland and Labrador Health Services (Murphy), St. John's, NL; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Scott, Van den Hof), IWK Health Centre; Dalhousie University (Scott, Van den Hof), Halifax, NS; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Ray), St. Michael's Hospital; Departments of Medicine, Health Policy Management and Evaluation (Ray), University of Toronto, Ont.
Elizabeth K DarlingMaternal and Infant Health Section (Dzakpasu, Nelson), Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; McMaster Midwifery Research Centre, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Darling), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, and Faculty of Medicine (Edwards), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Newfoundland and Labrador Health Services (Murphy), St. John's, NL; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Scott, Van den Hof), IWK Health Centre; Dalhousie University (Scott, Van den Hof), Halifax, NS; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Ray), St. Michael's Hospital; Departments of Medicine, Health Policy Management and Evaluation (Ray), University of Toronto, Ont.
Wesley EdwardsMaternal and Infant Health Section (Dzakpasu, Nelson), Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; McMaster Midwifery Research Centre, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Darling), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, and Faculty of Medicine (Edwards), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Newfoundland and Labrador Health Services (Murphy), St. John's, NL; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Scott, Van den Hof), IWK Health Centre; Dalhousie University (Scott, Van den Hof), Halifax, NS; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Ray), St. Michael's Hospital; Departments of Medicine, Health Policy Management and Evaluation (Ray), University of Toronto, Ont.
Phil A MurphyMaternal and Infant Health Section (Dzakpasu, Nelson), Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; McMaster Midwifery Research Centre, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Darling), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, and Faculty of Medicine (Edwards), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Newfoundland and Labrador Health Services (Murphy), St. John's, NL; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Scott, Van den Hof), IWK Health Centre; Dalhousie University (Scott, Van den Hof), Halifax, NS; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Ray), St. Michael's Hospital; Departments of Medicine, Health Policy Management and Evaluation (Ray), University of Toronto, Ont.
Heather ScottMaternal and Infant Health Section (Dzakpasu, Nelson), Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; McMaster Midwifery Research Centre, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Darling), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, and Faculty of Medicine (Edwards), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Newfoundland and Labrador Health Services (Murphy), St. John's, NL; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Scott, Van den Hof), IWK Health Centre; Dalhousie University (Scott, Van den Hof), Halifax, NS; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Ray), St. Michael's Hospital; Departments of Medicine, Health Policy Management and Evaluation (Ray), University of Toronto, Ont.
Michiel Van den HofMaternal and Infant Health Section (Dzakpasu, Nelson), Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; McMaster Midwifery Research Centre, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Darling), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, and Faculty of Medicine (Edwards), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Newfoundland and Labrador Health Services (Murphy), St. John's, NL; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Scott, Van den Hof), IWK Health Centre; Dalhousie University (Scott, Van den Hof), Halifax, NS; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Ray), St. Michael's Hospital; Departments of Medicine, Health Policy Management and Evaluation (Ray), University of Toronto, Ont.
Joel G RayMaternal and Infant Health Section (Dzakpasu, Nelson), Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; McMaster Midwifery Research Centre, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Darling), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, and Faculty of Medicine (Edwards), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Newfoundland and Labrador Health Services (Murphy), St. John's, NL; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Scott, Van den Hof), IWK Health Centre; Dalhousie University (Scott, Van den Hof), Halifax, NS; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Ray), St. Michael's Hospital; Departments of Medicine, Health Policy Management and Evaluation (Ray), University of Toronto, Ont.
Canadian Perinatal Surveillance System

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are a leading cause of severe maternal morbidity (SMM). We sought to explore trends in HDP and related morbidity outcomes in Canada.

methodsIn this retrospective population-based study, we used hospital discharge data from Canada, excluding Quebec, to identify females who had an HDP diagnosis during a birth admission between 2012 and 2021. We analyzed temporal and geographical trends in HDP, as well as temporal trends in adverse outcomes associated with HDP.

resultsAmong 2 804 473 hospital admissions for birth between 2012 and 2021, the rate of any HDP increased from 6.1% to 8.5%, including pre-existing hypertension (0.6% to 0.9%), gestational hypertension (3.9% to 5.1%), and preeclampsia (1.6% to 2.6%). For 2017-2021 combined, relative to Ontario (6.9%), HDP were significantly more prevalent in nearly all other Canadian regions. For example, in Newfoundland and Labrador, the rate was 10.7% (unadjusted rate ratio 1.56, 95% confidence interval 1.49-1.63). Among females with any HDP, rates of cesarean delivery rose from 42.0% in 2012 to 44.3% in 2021, as did acute renal failure (0.4% to 0.6%), while rates of early preterm delivery, intrauterine fetal death, maternal hospital length of stay (≥ 7 d), admission to the maternal intensive care unit, severe hemorrhage, and SMM trended downward.

interpretationThe rate of HDP has risen across Canada, with a concomitant decline in some HDP-associated morbidities. Ongoing surveillance of HDP is needed to assess the factors associated with temporal trends, including the effectiveness of evolving HDP prevention and management efforts.

Indexed as

Hypertension, Pregnancy-InducedAdultCanadaCesarean SectionFemaleHospitalizationHumansPre-EclampsiaPregnancyPrevalenceRetrospective StudiesYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID39074863
PMCPMC11286177

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.