Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39072767›Full record

ArticleJournal of personality2025

A new measure of regulatory focus: Preventing measurement error by promoting best validation practices.

Paul T Fuglestad, Sarah Volz, Keven Joyal-Desmarais, Steven W Nydick, Colin G DeYoung, Alexander J Rothman

Abstract readValidation Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of personality, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
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0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Paul T FuglestadDepartment of Psychology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7354-3936
Sarah VolzDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Keven Joyal-DesmaraisSchool of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
Steven W NydickDuolingo, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-1188
Colin G DeYoungDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5621-1091
Alexander J RothmanDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.

Funding

Obesity and Energy Metabolism CoreP30DK050456 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA TWIN CITIES · PI BERNLOHR, DAVID A · 1995 to 2015
$17.0M
Adaptive Interventions for Smoking Cessation in Lung Cancer Screening ProgramsR01CA196873 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI JOSEPH, ANNE · 2015 to 2019
$3.4M
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA196873NCI NIH HHS R01CA196873NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK050456University of MinnesotaUniversity of North Florida
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

OBJECTIVE AND

backgroundThe goals of this project were to improve our understanding of chronic regulatory focus constructs and to provide researchers with a measure that adequately assesses the constructs, can distinguish individual differences effectively across the range of the constructs, and is appropriate for use in diverse populations.

methodEmploying best practices in construct validation, we developed the International Personality Item Pool Regulatory Focus Scale (IPIP-RFS). Utilizing 14 samples (N = 4867), we established substantive (via expert ratings and regulatory focus literature), structural (via factor analysis, item response theory, and measurement invariance), and external (via convergent, discriminant, and predictive associations) validity.

resultsThe IPIP-RFS adequately assesses the constructs of chronic promotion focus and prevention focus, can accurately assess individuals along the continua of the constructs, and is suitable for use among populations that vary in gender, race, and age. Individual differences in promotion focus reflect self-regulation and goal pursuit related to cognitive and behavioral exploration and flexibility (i.e., plasticity), whereas individual differences in prevention focus reflect self-regulation and goal pursuit related to motivational and interpersonal steadiness (i.e., stability).

conclusionsPromotion and prevention focus are important elements of personality with broad implications for functioning and outcomes in health and other important domains.

Indexed as

PersonalityPsychometricsSelf-ControlAdolescentAdultAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedReproducibility of ResultsYoung Adultitem response theorymeasurement invarianceprevention focuspromotion focusregulatory focus

Identifiers

PMID39072767
PMCPMC11775232

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.