ArticleJOR spine2024
Facet deflection and strain are dependent on axial compression and distraction in C5-C7 spinal segments under constrained flexion.
Article in JOR spine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Direction-dependent biomechanical effects of transverse process hooks versus pedicle screws at the uppermost instrumented vertebra in adult spinal deformity: a finite element analysis.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Facet deflection and strain are dependent on axial compression and distraction in C5-C7 spinal segments under constrained flexion.JOR spine · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Background: Facet fractures are frequently associated with clinically observed cervical facet dislocations (CFDs); however, to date there has only been one experimental study, using functional spinal units (FSUs), which has systematically produced CFD with concomitant facet fracture. The role of axial compression and distraction on the mechanical response of the cervical facets under intervertebral motions associated with CFD in FSUs has previously been shown. The same has not been demonstrated in multi-segment lower cervical spine specimens under flexion loading (postulated to be the local injury vector associated with CFD). Methods: This study investigated the mechanical response of the bilateral inferior C6 facets of thirteen C5-C7 specimens (67±13 yr, 6 male) during non-destructive constrained flexion, superimposed with each of five axial conditions: (1) 50 N compression (simulating weight of the head); (2-4) 300, 500, and 1000 N compression (simulating the spectrum of intervertebral compression resulting from neck muscle bracing prior to head-first impact and/or externally applied compressive forces); and, (5) 2 mm of C6/C7 distraction (simulating the intervertebral distraction present during inertial loading of the cervical spine by the weight of the head). Linear mixed-effects models (α = 0.05) assessed the effect of axial condition. Results: Increasing amounts of intervertebral compression superimposed on flexion rotations, resulted in increased facet surface strains (range of estimated mean difference relative to Neutral: Conclusions: These findings suggest increased facet engagement and higher load transfer through the facet joint, and potentially a higher likelihood of facet fracture under the compressed axial conditions.
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