ArticleHeliyon2024
Understanding heavy metal contamination in the vicinity of Lake Urmia, NW Iran: Environmental and health Perspectives.
Article in Heliyon, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Human and environmental controls on soil contamination in a dust-prone region revealed by random forest and Shapley additive explanations analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Plant and soil contaminant modeling paired with risk-based soil screening levels and ingestion rates for home gardening in environmental justice communities.Journal of environmental management · 2025Article
- Spatial analysis and health implications of micro rubber and vanadium in urban street dust in Northwest of Iran.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Effects of heavy metal exposure on kidney transplant recipients: mechanisms and clinical implications for graft failure risk.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study addresses the potential impact of Lake Urmia on heavy metals (HMs) concentrations in the air and soil of the northern region of Lake Urmia in North West of Iran, highlighting significant environmental and health implications. The results showed different concentration levels for Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), and Lead (Pb) in soil and settled dust particles near Lake Urmia, and their concentrations exceeded recommended thresholds for Cr and Pb in some areas. Spatial distribution analysis indicated that local factors significantly affect contamination patterns, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions. The study employed enrichment factor (EF) assessment and potential ecological risk (PER) index to identify pollution sources and evaluate associated ecological risks. The results indicated moderate to severe pollution levels in specific regions, particularly for Pb and Cd. Health risk assessments suggest that non-carcinogenic risks are generally below hazardous levels; however, concerns remain for Cr and As exposure. Future studies should focus on long-term trends, source apportionment methodologies, and health effects of heavy metal exposure to develop effective pollution management strategies. Collaborative, interdisciplinary approaches will be crucial in mitigating heavy metal pollution and protecting human and environmental health.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.