ArticleBrain & spine2024
Advanced neuromonitoring powered by ICM+ and its place in the Brand New AI World, reflections at the 20th anniversary boundary.
Article in Brain & spine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Does Targeting CPP at CPPopt Actually Improve Cerebrovascular Reactivity? A Secondary Analysis of the COGiTATE Randomized Controlled Trial.Neurocritical care · 2025Trial
- Data for Machine Learning Models: Clinical Experience Determines Interrater Reliability in Waveform Anomaly Detection.Neurocritical care · 2026Article
- Time-Stamped Annotations in High-Frequency Physiological Data: Evaluating an Approach for Assessing Annotation Plausibility in the CENTER-TBI Dataset.Neurocritical care · 2026Article
- Neuroprotection via optimizing cerebral blood flow after cardiac arrest (neuro-intact) study - A phase II proof-of-concept study protocol.Resuscitation plus · 2026Article
- Waveform-Derived Metrics of Intracranial Compliance: Validation and Pulsatile Dynamics.Neurocritical care · 2026Article
- Proteomic blood-based biomarkers of brain damage in traumatic brain injury: are they suitable surrogate endpoints for cerebral pressure autoregulatory-guided therapy?Critical care (London, England) · 2026Observational
- Toward Causal Relationships of Intracranial Pressure, Cerebrovascular Reactivity, Interventions, and Outcome in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A CENTER-TBI High-Resolution Substudy.Neurocritical care · 2026Article
- Intracranial compliance monitoring using pulse shape index in traumatic brain injury: relation to cerebral physiology and clinical outcome.Critical care (London, England) · 2026Article
- Multimodal Monitoring Results Around Delayed Cerebral Infarction After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.Translational stroke research · 2026Article
- On the utility of near-infrared spectroscopy-derived measures for assessing cerebrovascular autoregulation: results from an observational cohort study.Journal of clinical monitoring and computing · 2026Observational
- Bilateral Transcranial Doppler Monitoring During Neonatal Cardiac Surgery; Guidance for Clinical and Scientific Use.Paediatric anaesthesia · 2026Article
- Cerebral autoregulation in the hyperacute phase after experimental subarachnoid haemorrhage using an endovascular perforation model.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Positive end-expiratory pressure increases intracranial pressure but does not affect PRx, regardless of body position, in a porcine ARDS model.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Intercerebral autoregulation index consistency in the derivation of CPPopt, MAPopt, and BISopt in humans: A scoping review.Physiological reports · 2025Article
- The lower limit margin: a determinant of autoregulatory sensitivity to changes in cerebral perfusion pressure.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Article
- Critical upward shift of intracranial pressure levels in extremely obese patients; normalization due to bariatric surgery.The ultrasound journal · 2025Article
- The value of dynamic cerebral compliance monitoring after pediatric traumatic brain injury: a STARSHIP study sub-analysis.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Observational
- Cerebral perfusion pressure targets after traumatic brain injury: a reappraisal.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Observational
- Unlocking the potential of high-resolution multimodality neuromonitoring for traumatic brain injury management: lessons and insights from cases, events, and patterns.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Review
- Positive end-expiratory pressure increases intracranial pressure but not pressure reactivity index in supine and prone positions: a porcine model study.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Adoption of the ICM+® brain monitoring software by clinical research centres worldwide has been continuously growing over the past 20 years. This has necessitated ongoing updates to accommodate evolving neuromonitoring research needs, including recent explosion of artificial intelligence (AI). Research question: We sought to provide an update on the current features of the software. In particular, we aimed to highlight the new options of integrating AI models. Material and methods: We reviewed all currently available ICM+ analytical areas and discussed potential AI based extensions in each. We tested a proof-of-concept integration of an AI model and evaluated its performance for real-time data processing. Results: ICM+ current analytical tools serve both real-time (bed-side) and offline (file based) analysis, including the calculation engine, Signal Calculator, Custom Statistics, Batch tools, ScriptLab and charting. The ICM+ Python plugin engine allows to execute custom Python scripts and take advantage of complex AI frameworks. For the proof-of-concept, we used a neural network convolutional model with 207,000 trainable parameters that classifies morphology of intracranial pressure (ICP) pulse waveform into 5 pulse categories (normal to pathological plus artefactual). When evaluated within ICM+ plugin script on a Windows 10 laptop the classification of a 5 min ICP waveform segment took only 0.19s with a 2.3s of initial, one-off, model loading time required. Conclusions: Modernised ICM+ analytical tools, reviewed in this manuscript, include integration of custom AI models allowing them to be shared and run in real-time, facilitating rapid prototyping and validating of new AI ideas at the bed-side.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.