Capabilities of GPT-4o and Gemini 1.5 Pro in Gram stain and bacterial shape identification.

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

1. Comparison of Gram stain interpretation accuracy between a computer-aided diagnosis app and microbiology specialists in blood culture samples.Microbiology spectrum · 2026
   Observational
2. From Gram Stain to Decision Support: Performance of Multimodal Large Language Models in Blood Culture Microscopy.Journal of imaging informatics in medicine · 2026
   Article
3. Efficiency of artificial intelligence in identifying histological tissues from microscopic images.Anatomy & cell biology · 2026
   Article
4. Do LLMs Have 'the Eye' for MRI? Evaluating GPT-4o, Grok, and Gemini on Brain MRI Performance: First Evaluation of Grok in Medical Imaging and a Comparative Analysis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
   Article

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

Abstract

PubMed holds no abstract for this paper.

Indexed as