Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39069629›Full record

ArticleJournal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation2024

Customized passive-dynamic ankle-foot orthoses can improve walking economy and speed for many individuals post-stroke.

Jacob T Skigen, Corey A Koller, Luke Nigro, Darcy S Reisman, Zahra McKee, Shay R Pinhey, Adrienne Henderson, Jason M Wilken, Elisa S Arch

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04619043 (Evaluation of a Prescription Model to Customize Passive-Dynamic Ankle-Foot Orthoses for Persons Post-Stroke), which is not on this map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04619043 nacompletednot on this map

Evaluation of a Prescription Model to Customize Passive-Dynamic Ankle-Foot Orthoses for Persons Post-Stroke

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of DelawareRan2016 to 2023Enrolled32ConditionsGait, HemiplegicArmsAnkle Orthotic
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Ankle-foot orthosis mechanical testing: a scoping review.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Jacob T SkigenDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
Corey A KollerBiomechanics and Movement Science Interdisciplinary Program, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
Luke NigroDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
Darcy S ReismanBiomechanics and Movement Science Interdisciplinary Program, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
Zahra McKeeBiomechanics and Movement Science Interdisciplinary Program, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
Shay R PinheyBiomechanics and Movement Science Interdisciplinary Program, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
Adrienne HendersonBiomechanics and Movement Science Interdisciplinary Program, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
Jason M WilkenDepartment of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
Elisa S ArchBiomechanics and Movement Science Interdisciplinary Program, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA. schranke@udel.edu.

Funding

Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs W81XWH-18-1-0502
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPassive-dynamic ankle-foot orthoses (PD-AFOs) are often prescribed to address plantar flexor weakness during gait, which is commonly observed after stroke. However, limited evidence is available to inform the prescription guidelines of PD-AFO bending stiffness. This study assessed the extent to which PD-AFOs customized to match an individual's level of plantar flexor weakness influence walking function, as compared to No AFO and their standard of care (SOC) AFO.

methodsMechanical cost-of-transport, self-selected walking speed, and key biomechanical variables were measured while individuals greater than six months post-stroke walked with No AFO, with their SOC AFO, and with a stiffness-customized PD-AFO. Outcomes were compared across these conditions using a repeated measures ANOVA or Friedman test (depending on normality) for group-level analysis and simulation modeling analysis for individual-level analysis.

resultsTwenty participants completed study activities. Mechanical cost-of-transport and self-selected walking speed improved with the stiffness-customized PD-AFOs compared to No AFO and SOC AFO. However, this did not result in a consistent improvement in other biomechanical variables toward typical values. In line with the heterogeneous nature of the post-stroke population, the response to the PD-AFO was highly variable.

conclusionsStiffness-customized PD-AFOs can improve the mechanical cost-of-transport and self-selected walking speed in many individuals post-stroke, as compared to No AFO and participants' standard of care AFO. This work provides initial efficacy data for stiffness-customized PD-AFOs in individuals post-stroke and lays the foundation for future studies to enable consistently effective prescription of PD-AFOs for patients post-stroke in clinical practice.

trial registrationNCT04619043.

Indexed as

Foot OrthosesStroke RehabilitationWalking SpeedAgedAnkleBiomechanical PhenomenaFemaleGait Disorders, NeurologicHumansMaleMiddle AgedStrokeWalkingAnkle–foot orthosisGait biomechanicsMechanical cost-of-transportPoststroke gaitWalking energy

Identifiers

PMID39069629
PMCPMC11285468

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.