Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39068978›Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of pharmacology2024

The Mitragyna speciosa (kratom) alkaloid mitragynine: Analysis of adrenergic α

Samuel Obeng, Morgan L Crowley, Marco Mottinelli, Francisco León, Julio D Zuarth Gonzalez, Yiming Chen, Lea R Gamez-Jimenez, Luis F Restrepo, Nicholas P Ho, Avi Patel and 12 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in European journal of pharmacology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Atypical respiration patterns of kratom alkaloids.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2026
    Article
  4. The SigmaPharmacological reports : PR · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine: Bidirectional effects on breathing in rats.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2025
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Evaluating the drug interactions in kratom usage: clinical application.Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

22 authors.

Samuel ObengDepartment of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA; Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
Morgan L CrowleyDepartment of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
Marco MottinelliDepartment of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
Francisco LeónDepartment of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
Julio D Zuarth GonzalezDepartment of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
Yiming ChenDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mercer University College of Pharmacy, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA.
Lea R Gamez-JimenezDepartment of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
Luis F RestrepoDepartment of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
Nicholas P HoDepartment of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
Avi PatelDepartment of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
Joelma Martins RochaDepartment of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
Manuel A AlvarezDepartment of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
Amsha M ThadisettiDepartment of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
Chai R ParkDepartment of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
Victoria L C PallaresDepartment of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
Megan J MilnerDepartment of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
Clinton E CanalDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mercer University College of Pharmacy, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA.
Aidan J HampsonDivision of Therapeutics and Medical Consequences, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
Christopher R McCurdyDepartment of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Translational Drug Development Core, Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
Lance R McMahonDepartment of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
Jenny L WilkersonDepartment of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA. Electronic address: Jenny.Wilkerson@ttuhsc.edu.
Takato HiranitaDepartment of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA. Electronic address: hiranita@uthscsa.edu.

Funding

Opioid use disorders: UF Pharmacy medications discovery and developmentUH3DA048353 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI MCCURDY, CHRISTOPHER R, MCMAHON, LANCE R. · 2021 to 2023
$4.5M
Opioid use disorders: UF Pharmacy medications discovery and developmentUG3DA048353 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI MCCURDY, CHRISTOPHER R, MCMAHON, LANCE R. · 2019 to 2020
$3.6M
Nicotine dependence: neuropharmacology in monkeysR01DA025267 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCIENCE CENTER · PI MCMAHON, LANCE R. · 2009 to 2018
$3.4M
Gabapentinoid/opioid mixtures: abuse and toxicityR01DA058018 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCIENCE CENTER · PI Takato Hiranita · 2023 to 2026
$1.7M
NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA025267NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA058018NIDA NIH HHS UG3 DA048353NIDA NIH HHS UH3 DA048353
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mitragynine, an alkaloid present in the leaves of Mitragyna speciosa (kratom), has a complex pharmacology that includes low efficacy agonism at μ-opioid receptors (MORs). This study examined the activity of mitragynine at adrenergic α

Indexed as

MitragynaReceptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2Secologanin Tryptamine AlkaloidsAdrenergic alpha-2 Receptor AgonistsAdrenergic alpha-2 Receptor AntagonistsAnimalsCHO CellsHumansMaleRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyReceptors, Opioid, muAdrenergic alpha-2 Receptor AgonistsAdrenergic alpha-2 Receptor AntagonistsmitragynineReceptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2Receptors, Opioid, muSecologanin Tryptamine AlkaloidsAdrenergic α(2) receptorKratomMitragynineOpioid

Identifiers

PMID39068978
PMCPMC11556301

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.