ArticleGlobalization and health2024
Which government policies to create sustainable food systems have the potential to simultaneously address undernutrition, obesity and environmental sustainability?
Article in Globalization and health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Food systems performance evaluated against targets and benchmarks reveals urgent gaps and a path to 2050.Nature food · 2026Article
- Pediatric Health at the Crossroads of Climate Change, Food Insecurity, and Malnutrition.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Review
- Prioritising Indicators for Large-scale Monitoring and Assessment of Food Environments for Public Health.Current obesity reports · 2026Review
- Identifying food environment policies and research needs in Latin America and the Caribbean: insights from the Community of Practice in Nutrition and Health in Latin America and the Caribbean (COLANSA).BMC public health · 2026Article
- Update and Comparative Analysis of Food Environment Policies in Mexico: Implementation of the Healthy Food Environment Policy Index in 2016 and 2024.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026Review
- Social inequities in the community food environment: temporal analysis of food retail availability in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (2010-2022).Public health nutrition · 2025Review
- Industry responses to unhealthy food retail promotion restrictions: a thematic analysis of two public consultations in Scotland.Public health nutrition · 2025Article
- Association of socio-economic environment and women's empowerment with daily fruit and vegetable intake in Latin American cities: a multilevel study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- EAT-Nutrients · 2025Article
- Article
- Barriers and Facilitators to the Development and Implementation of Public Policies Addressing Food Systems in Five Sub-Saharan African Countries and Five of Their Cities.International journal of health policy and management · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionA transformation of food systems is urgently needed, given their contribution to three ongoing and interlinked global health pandemics: (1) undernutrition and food insecurity, (2) obesity and non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and (3) climate change and biodiversity loss. As policymakers make decisions that shape food systems, this study aimed to identify and prioritise policies with double- or triple-duty potential to achieve healthier and more environmentally sustainable food systems.
methodsThis study undertook a 4-step methodological approach, including (i) a compilation of international policy recommendations, (ii) an online survey, (iii) four regional workshops with international experts and (iv) a ranking for prioritisation. Policies were identified and prioritised based on their double- or triple-duty potential, synergies and trade-offs. Using participatory and transdisciplinary approaches, policies were identified to have double- or triple-duty potential if they were deemed effective in tackling two or three of the primary outcomes of interest: (1) undernutrition, (2) obesity/NCDs and (3) environmental degradation.
resultsThe desk review identified 291 recommendations for governments, which were merged and classified into 46 initially proposed policies. Based on the results from the online survey, 61% of those policies were perceived to have double- or triple-duty potential. During the workshops, 4 potential synergies and 31 trade-offs of these policies were identified. The final list of 44 proposed policies for healthier and more environmentally sustainable food systems created was divided into two main policy domains: 'food supply chains' and 'food environments'. The outcome with the most trade-offs identified was 'undernutrition', followed by 'environmental sustainability', and 'obesity/NCDs'. Of the top five expert-ranked food supply chain policies, two were perceived to have triple-duty potential: (a) incentives for crop diversification; (b) support for start-ups, and small- and medium-sized enterprises. For food environments, three of the top five ranked policies had perceived triple-duty potential: (a) affordability of healthier and more sustainable diets; (b) subsidies for healthier and more sustainable foods; (c) restrictions on children's exposure to marketing through all media.
conclusionThis study identified and prioritised a comprehensive list of double- and triple-duty government policies for creating healthier and more environmentally sustainable food systems. As some proposed policies may have trade-offs across outcomes, they should be carefully contextualised, designed, implemented and monitored.
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