Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39067695›Full record

ArticleJournal of advanced research2025

A mosquito proboscis-inspired cambered microneedle patch for ophthalmic regional anaesthesia.

Xuequan Liu, Xuequan Sun, Hongyu Zhu, Rubing Yan, Chang Xu, Fangxing Zhu, Ruijie Xu, Jing Xia, He Dong, Bingcheng Yi and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of advanced research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Advances in clinical applications of microneedle.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025
    Review
  6. Review
  7. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Xuequan LiuQingdao Key Laboratory of Materials for Tissue Repair and Rehabilitation, Shandong Engineering Research Center for Tissue Rehabilitation Materials and Devices, School of Rehabilitation Science and Engineering, Qingdao 266113, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China.
Xuequan SunWeifang Eye Hospital, Zhengda Guangming Eye Group, Weifang 261041, China; Zhengda Guangming International Eye Research Center, Qingdao Zhengda Guangming Eye Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.
Hongyu ZhuDepartment of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China.
Rubing YanDepartment of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250000, China.
Chang XuWeifang Eye Hospital, Zhengda Guangming Eye Group, Weifang 261041, China; Zhengda Guangming International Eye Research Center, Qingdao Zhengda Guangming Eye Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.
Fangxing ZhuWeifang Eye Hospital, Zhengda Guangming Eye Group, Weifang 261041, China; Zhengda Guangming International Eye Research Center, Qingdao Zhengda Guangming Eye Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.
Ruijie XuSchool of Electronic Information, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266023, China.
Jing XiaDepartment of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China.
He DongDepartment of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China. Electronic address: dongh@qdu.edu.cn.
Bingcheng YiQingdao Key Laboratory of Materials for Tissue Repair and Rehabilitation, Shandong Engineering Research Center for Tissue Rehabilitation Materials and Devices, School of Rehabilitation Science and Engineering, Qingdao 266113, China. Electronic address: yibingcheng@uor.edu.cn.
Qihui ZhouQingdao Key Laboratory of Materials for Tissue Repair and Rehabilitation, Shandong Engineering Research Center for Tissue Rehabilitation Materials and Devices, School of Rehabilitation Science and Engineering, Qingdao 266113, China. Electronic address: qihuizhou@uor.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionOne of the methods for pain management involves the use of local anesthesia, which numbs sensations in specific body regions while maintaining consciousness.

objectivesConsidering the certain limitations (e.g., pain, the requirement of skilled professionals, or slow passive diffusion) of conventional delivery methods of local anesthetics, developing alternative strategies that offer minimally invasive yet therapeutically effective delivery systems is of great concern for ophthalmic regional anesthesia. METHODS AND

resultsIn this study, a rapidly dissolving cambered microneedle (MNs) patch, composed of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and hyaluronic acid (HA) and served as a delivery system for lidocaine (Lido) in local anesthesia, was developed taking inspiration from the mosquito proboscis's ability to extract blood unnoticed. The lidocaine-containing MNs patch (MNs@Lido) consisted of 25 microneedles with a four-pronged cone structure (height: 500 μm, base width: 275 μm), arranged in a concentric circle pattern on the patch, and displays excellent dissolubility for effective drug delivery of Lido. After confirming good cytocompatibility, MNs@Lido was found to possess adequate rigidity to penetrate the cornea without causing any subsequent injury, and the created corneal pinhole channels completely self-healed within 24 h. Interestingly, MNs@Lido exhibited effective analgesic effects for local anesthesia on both heel skin and eyeball, with the sustained anesthetic effect lasting for at least 30 min.

conclusionsThese findings indicate that the mosquito proboscis-inspired cambered MNs patch provides rapid and painless local anesthesia, overcoming the limitations of conventional delivery methods of local anesthetics, thus opening up new possibilities in the treatment of ophthalmic diseases.

Indexed as

Anesthesia, ConductionAnesthesia, LocalAnesthetics, LocalCulicidaeDrug Delivery SystemsLidocaineAnimalsHumansHyaluronic AcidMicroinjectionsNeedlesAnesthetics, LocalHyaluronic AcidLidocaineCambered microneedlesDissolubilityLidocaineMosquito proboscisOphthalmic regional anaesthesia

Identifiers

PMID39067695
PMCPMC12147604

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.