ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2025
Community-acquired Pneumonia in People With HIV During the Current Era of Effective Antiretroviral Therapy: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Community-acquired Haemophilus influenzae pneumonia in people living with HIV: a 30-year propensity score-matched cohort study.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2026Article
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5 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundIt is unclear if human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affects the prognosis for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in the current era of effective antiretroviral therapy. In this multicenter retrospective cohort study of patients admitted for CAP, we compared the in-hospital mortality rate between people with HIV (PWH) and those without.
methodsThe study included consecutive patients admitted with a diagnosis of CAP across 31 hospitals in Ontario, Canada, from 2015 to 2022. HIV infection was based on discharge diagnoses and antiretroviral prescription. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Competing risk models were used to describe time to death in hospital or discharge. Potential confounders were balanced using overlap weighting of propensity scores.
resultsOf 82 822 patients admitted with CAP, 1518 (1.8%) had a diagnosis of HIV. PWH were more likely to be younger, male, and have fewer comorbidities. In the hospital, 67 (4.4%) PWH and 6873 (8.5%) people without HIV died. HIV status had an adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio of 1.02 (95% confidence interval, .80-1.31; P = .8440) for dying in the hospital. Of 1518 PWH, 440 (29.0%) patients had a diagnosis of AIDS. AIDS diagnosis had an adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio of 3.04 (95% CI, 1.69-5.45; P = .0002) for dying in the hospital compared to HIV without AIDS.
conclusionsPeople with and without HIV admitted for CAP had a similar in-hospital mortality rate. For PWH, AIDS significantly increased the mortality risk. HIV infection by itself without AIDS should not be considered a poor prognostic factor for CAP.
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