ArticleJournal of autism and developmental disorders2025
Oppositional Defiant Disorder in Autism and ADHD.
Article in Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome: Changes in Severity, Comorbid Conditions, and Impairment from Childhood to Adolescence.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2026Article
- Neuropsychiatric outcomes after montelukast versus inhaled corticosteroids in pediatric asthma: a pooled birth cohort study.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Co-occurring Symptoms of ADHD, Autism, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Academic Impairment in Referred and Community Children.Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Our study compared oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in children with autism to ADHD-Combined presentation and ADHD-Inattentive presentation. Mothers of 2,400 children 3-17 years old with autism and/or ADHD completed the Pediatric Behavior Scale. ADHD-Combined was most strongly associated with ODD, with an ODD prevalence of 53% in children with ADHD-Combined only. When autism was added to ADHD-Combined, prevalence increased to 62% and the ODD score increased significantly. Autism+ADHD-Inattentive, Autism Only, and ADHD-Inattentive Only had ODD prevalences of 28%, 24% and 14%. In each diagnostic group, ODD had the same two factors (irritable/angry and oppositional/defiant); demographic differences between children with and without ODD were few; and correlations between ODD and conduct problems were large, correlations with depression were medium, and correlations with anxiety were small. However, ODD scores differed significantly between groups (Autism+ADHD-Combined > ADHD-Combined Only > Autism+ADHD-Inattentive and Autism Only > ADHD-Inattentive Only). The irritable/angry ODD component was greater in Autism+ADHD-Combined than in ADHD-Combined Only, whereas the oppositional/defiant component did not differ between the two groups. Autism was a significant independent risk factor for ODD, particularly the irritable/angry ODD component, but ADHD-Combined was the strongest risk factor. Therefore, the high co-occurrence of ADHD-Combined in autism (80% in our study) largely explains the high prevalence of ODD in autism. ADHD-Combined, autism, and ODD are highly comorbid (55-90%). Clinicians should assess all three disorders in referred children and provide evidence-based interventions to improve current functioning and outcomes for children with these disorders and reduce family and caretaker stress.
Indexed as
Identifiers
39066970What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.