Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39066840›Full record

ArticleThe European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care2025

Psychometric validation of the Chinese versions of EQ-5D-Y-3L and the experimental EQ-TIPS in children and adolescents with COVID-19.

Wenjing Zhou, Yaqin Li, Jan Busschbach, Michael Herdman, Zhihao Yang, Yanming Lu

Abstract readValidation Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Measuring health-related quality of life in infants and toddlers: conceptual challenges and proposed recommendations.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Wenjing Zhou *Department of Paediatrics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 2000, Jiangyue Road, Shanghai, China. zhoujing2188@163.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0770-4564
Yaqin Li *Department of Paediatrics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 2000, Jiangyue Road, Shanghai, China.
Jan BusschbachDepartment of Psychiatry, Section Medical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8602-0381
Michael HerdmanSaw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Zhihao YangHealth Services Management Department, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5468-0847
Yanming LuDepartment of Paediatrics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 2000, Jiangyue Road, Shanghai, China. luyanming@renji.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-6782-4182

Funding

EuroQol Research Foundation EQ Project 1654-TVG
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesRespiratory infectious diseases like COVID-19 profoundly impacts the health of children and adolescents, but validated instruments to measure their impacts on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are lacking. The EQ-5D-Y-3L, widely used for youth HRQoL, now features a Chinese value set. The experimental EQ-TIPS addresses HRQoL assessment for toddlers and infants. This study tested the psychometric properties of both instruments in paediatric COVID-19 patients, and compared the performance of self-complete and proxy EQ-5D-Y-3L.

methodsThis longitudinal study recruited 861 COVID-19 patients aged 0-18 years and their parental caregivers, with 311 dyads completing the follow-up. Digital administration included the EQ-TIPS, the EQ-5D-Y-3L, and Overall Health Assessment (OHA). Controls comprised 231 healthy children. Analysis encompassed known-group validity, child-parent agreement, and responsiveness to change in disease severity and OHA.

resultsCOVID-19 children exhibited lower HRQoL than non-infected peers. The EQ-TIPS and the EQ-5D-Y-3L distinguished groups by disease presence, severity and symptoms, showing moderate to good known-group validity (ESs: 0.45-1.39 for EQ-TIPS, 0.44-1.91 for self-complete EQ-5D-Y-3L, and 0.32-1.67 for proxy EQ-5D-Y-3L). Child-parent agreement was moderate to good for EQ-5D-Y-3L (ICC: 0.653-0.823; Gwet's AC1: 0.470-0.738), and responsiveness was good for both EQ-TIPS Level Sum Score (LSS) (ESs: 1.21-1.39) and EQ-5D-Y-3L index scores (ESs: 1.00-1.16).

conclusionsThis study demonstrates the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the experimental EQ-TIPS and the EQ-5D-Y-3L in paediatric COVID-19 patients. It is the first evidence of the EQ-TIPS' responsiveness, supporting its use in assessing the impact of COVID-19 on paediatric HRQoL.

Indexed as

COVID-19Quality of LifeAdolescentChildChild, PreschoolChinaFemaleHumansInfantInfant, NewbornLongitudinal StudiesMaleParentsPsychometricsReproducibility of ResultsSARS-CoV-2COVID-19EQ-5D-Y-3LEQ-TIPSHealth-related quality of lifeValidation

Identifiers

PMID39066840
PMCPMC11937211

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.