Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39066277›Full record

ReviewViruses2024

Prevalence and Modes of Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Historical Worldwide Review.

Tommaso Stroffolini, Giacomo Stroffolini

Abstract readReviewHistorical Article
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Viruses, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
51citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

51 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Performance Evaluation of the Xpert® HCV Test on Fingerstick Blood in a Prospective Observational Clinical Study at CLIA-Waived Sites in the United States.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026
    Observational
  7. Review
  8. [Screening of Hepatitis C virus in blood donors over 11 years].Revista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social · 2026
    Observational
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Tommaso StroffoliniDepartment of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-6285-0412
Giacomo StroffoliniDepartment of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Via Don A. Sempreboni, 5, 37024 Negrar, Verona, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-8012-0237

Funding

This work was supported by the Italian Ministry of Health "Fondi Ricerca Corrente" to IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital. This work was supported by the Italian Ministry of Health "Fondi Ricerca Corrente" to IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital.
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hepatitis C virus infection affects over 58 million individuals and is responsible for 290,000 annual deaths. The infection spread in the past via blood transfusion and iatrogenic transmission due to the use of non-sterilized glass syringes mostly in developing countries (Cameroon, Central Africa Republic, Egypt) but even in Italy. High-income countries have achieved successful results in preventing certain modes of transmission, particularly in ensuring the safety of blood and blood products, and to a lesser extent, reducing iatrogenic exposure. Conversely, in low-income countries, unscreened blood transfusions and non-sterile injection practices continue to play major roles, highlighting the stark inequalities between these regions. Currently, injection drug use is a major worldwide risk factor, with a growing trend even in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Emerging high-risk groups include men who have sex with men (MSM), individuals exposed to tattoo practices, and newborns of HCV-infected pregnant women. The World Health Organization (WHO) has proposed direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy as a tool to eliminate infection by interrupting viral transmission from infected to susceptible individuals. However, the feasibility of this ambitious and overly optimistic program generates concern about the need for universal screening, diagnosis, linkage to care, and access to affordable DAA regimens. These goals are very hard to reach, especially in LMICs, due to the cost and availability of drugs, as well as the logistical complexities involved. Globally, only a small proportion of individuals infected with HCV have been tested, and an even smaller fraction of those have initiated DAA therapy. The absence of an effective vaccine is a major barrier to controlling HCV infection. Without a vaccine, the WHO project may remain merely an illusion.

Indexed as

HepacivirusHepatitis CAntiviral AgentsFemaleGlobal HealthHumansMalePregnancyPrevalenceRisk FactorsAntiviral AgentsepidemiologyHCVtransmission

Identifiers

PMID39066277
PMCPMC11281430

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.