Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39064804›Full record

ArticleNutrients2024

Breakfast Frequency and Smoking Initiation in University Students: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Rika Mori, Ryohei Yamamoto, Maki Shinzawa, Naoko Otsuki, Yuichiro Matsumura, Yuko Nakamura, Qinyan Li, Yusuke Sakaguchi, Isao Matsui, Masayuki Mizui and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nutrients, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Rika MoriLaboratory of Behavioral Health Promotion, Department of Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan.ORCID 0009-0006-6777-6008
Ryohei YamamotoLaboratory of Behavioral Health Promotion, Department of Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan.ORCID 0000-0003-2610-9824
Maki ShinzawaHealth and Counseling Center, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-7739-893X
Naoko OtsukiHealth and Counseling Center, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan.
Yuichiro MatsumuraLaboratory of Behavioral Health Promotion, Department of Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-1463-2442
Yuko NakamuraHealth and Counseling Center, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan.
Qinyan LiLaboratory of Behavioral Health Promotion, Department of Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan.
Yusuke SakaguchiDepartment of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-0987-5423
Isao MatsuiDepartment of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan.ORCID 0000-0001-8378-6130
Masayuki MizuiDepartment of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan.ORCID 0000-0003-2543-8108
Haruki ShinomiyaHealth and Counseling Center, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan.ORCID 0000-0001-9499-0997
Chisaki IshibashiHealth and Counseling Center, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan.ORCID 0000-0003-4170-3661
Kaori NakanishiHealth and Counseling Center, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan.
Daisuke KanayamaHealth and Counseling Center, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan.ORCID 0009-0001-9901-1337
Izumi NagatomoHealth and Counseling Center, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan.ORCID 0000-0001-5382-4327

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Smoking causes various health problems. Limited studies have reported a clinical effect of skipping breakfast on smoking initiation among adolescents. This retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the dose-dependent association between skipping breakfast and smoking initiation in university students. This study included 17,493 male and 8880 female students aged 18-22 years at a national university in Japan. The association between breakfast frequency (eating every day and skipping occasionally, often, and usually) and smoking initiation was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for clinically relevant factors. Smoking initiation was observed in 2027 (11.6%) male and 197 (2.2%) female students over the median observational period of 3.0 and 3.1 years. Skipping breakfast was significantly associated with smoking initiation in a dose-dependent fashion in male students (the adjusted hazard ratios [95% confidence interval] of eating breakfast every day and skipping occasionally, often, and usually: 1.00 [reference], 1.30 [1.15, 1.46], 1.47 [1.21, 1.79], and 1.77 [1.40, 2.25], respectively). Female students skipping breakfast occasionally and often were more vulnerable to smoking initiation than those who ate breakfast every day (1.00 [reference], 1.86 [1.24, 2.78], 2.97 [1.66, 5.32], and 1.76 [0.55, 5.64], respectively). Breakfast frequency may be useful to identify university students at risk of smoking initiation who need improvement in their health literacy.

Indexed as

BreakfastFeeding BehaviorSmokingStudentsAdolescentCohort StudiesFemaleHumansJapanMaleProportional Hazards ModelsRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsUniversitiesYoung Adultbreakfast frequencyretrospective cohort studysmokinguniversity students

Identifiers

PMID39064804
PMCPMC11279614

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.