Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39064762›Full record

Observational studyNutrients2024

Factors Influencing Breast Milk Antibody Titers during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: An Observational Study.

Christoph Hochmayr, Ira Winkler, Marlene Hammerl, Alexander Höller, Eva Huber, Martina Urbanek, Ursula Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Elke Griesmaier, Anna Posod

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Nutrients, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Christoph HochmayrDepartment of Pediatrics II (Neonatology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.ORCID 0000-0003-0415-6873
Ira WinklerDepartment of Pediatrics II (Neonatology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
Marlene HammerlDepartment of Pediatrics II (Neonatology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.ORCID 0000-0002-7588-0431
Alexander HöllerDivision for Nutrition and Dietetics, University Hospital Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
Eva HuberDepartment of Pediatrics II (Neonatology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
Martina UrbanekDepartment of Pediatrics II (Neonatology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
Ursula Kiechl-KohlendorferDepartment of Pediatrics II (Neonatology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
Elke GriesmaierDepartment of Pediatrics II (Neonatology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
Anna PosodDepartment of Pediatrics II (Neonatology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.ORCID 0000-0003-1008-3375

Funding

Land Tirol - Amt der Tiroler Landesregierung n.a.
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the role of breastfeeding in providing passive immunity to infants via specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in breast milk. We aimed to quantify these antibodies across different lactation stages and identify influencing factors. This prospective study involved mother-child dyads from Innsbruck University Hospital, Austria, with a positive maternal SARS-CoV-2 test during pregnancy or peripartum between 2020 and 2023. We collected breast milk samples at various lactation stages and analyzed anti-Spike S1 receptor-binding domain (S1RBD) immunoglobulins (Ig). Maternal and neonatal data were obtained from interviews and medical records. This study included 140 mothers and 144 neonates. Anti-S1RBD-IgA (72.0%), -IgG (86.0%), and -IgM (41.7%) were highly present in colostrum and decreased as milk matured. Mothers with natural infection and vaccination exhibited higher anti-S1RBD-IgA and -IgG titers in all milk stages. Mothers with moderate to severe infections had higher concentrations of anti-S1RBD-IgA and -IgG in transitional milk and higher anti-S1RBD-IgA and -IgM in mature milk compared to those with mild or asymptomatic infections. Variations in antibody responses were also observed with preterm birth and across different virus waves. This study demonstrates the dynamic nature of breast milk Ig and underscores the importance of breastfeeding during a pandemic.

Indexed as

Antibodies, ViralBreast FeedingCOVID-19Milk, HumanSARS-CoV-2AdultAustriaColostrumFemaleHumansImmunity, Maternally-AcquiredImmunoglobulin AImmunoglobulin GImmunoglobulin MInfant, NewbornLactationAntibodies, ViralImmunoglobulin AImmunoglobulin GImmunoglobulin MSpike Glycoprotein, Coronavirusspike protein, SARS-CoV-2anti-S1RBD immunoglobulinsbreastfeedingbreast milkCOVID-19immunonutritionSARS-CoV-2

Identifiers

PMID39064762
PMCPMC11280407

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.